Nutrition Chapter 4 - Carbohydrates

Front 1

Key points of Carbohydrates

Back 1

• Important energy source for nerve cells
• Fruits, Vegetables, Grains
• Macronutrient (45 - 65% daily intake)

Front 2

Key points of Glucose

Back 2

• Most abundant carbohydrate
• Plants produce this via photosynthesis
• Preferred source of energy for your brain
• Important source of energy for most cells

Front 3

Simple Carbohydrates

Back 3

Contain one or two molecules

Front 4

Monosaccharides -- Define & List

Back 4

Contains only one molecule

• Glucose (Most abundant)
• Fructose (Fruit Sugar)
• Galactose (Binds with Glucose to make Lactose)
• Ribose (5 Carbon Sugar, part of our DNA)

Front 5

Disaccharides -- Define & List

Back 5

Contains two molecules

• Lactose (Glucose + Galactose) Milk Sugar
• Maltose (Glucose + Glucose) Starch, Alcohol
• Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose) Honey, Sugar Cane

Front 6

Complex Carbohydrates

Back 6

• Starch (Storage form of glucose in plants found in grains)
• Fiber
• Glycogen (Storage form of glucose in animals)

Front 7

Glucose + Galactose =

Back 7

Lactose

Front 8

Glucose + Glucose

Back 8

Maltose

Front 9

Glucose + Fructose

Back 9

Sucrose

Front 10

Key points of Starch

Back 10

• Cells cannot use the complex structure
• Digest it into glucose (break it down)
• Grains, legumes, etc = Dietary Fiber

Front 11

Key Points of Glycogen

Back 11

• Stored in our bodies in the liver & muscles
  
• Not found in food, not a dietary source of carbohydrates
  

Front 12

Key Points of Fiber

Back 12

• Dietary Fiber: Nondigestible parts of plants
  
• Functional Fiber: Nondigestible form of carbs with known health benefits. Extracted from plants added to food. Kind of like glue.
  
• Total Fiber: Dietary Fiber + Functional Fiber
  

Front 13

Soluble Fiber

Back 13

• Dissolves in Water
• Viscous & Fermentable
• Easily digested in the colon
• Citrus fruits, berries, oats, beans
• Reduces heart disease & type 2 diabetes by lowering blood cholesterol and glucose levels.

Front 14

Insoluble Fibers

Back 14

• Doesn't dissolve in water
• Found in whole grains and many vegetables
• Promote regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, reduce risk for diverticulosis (weakening of the colon).

Front 15

Energy

Back 15

• Fuel daily activity / exercise
• Helps preserve protein & other uses

Front 16

What happens when there isn't enough carbohydrates in your diet?

Back 16

Gluconeogenesis: Liver converts proteins in blood & tissue into glucose.

Front 17

What does a red blood cell rely upon for energy?

Back 17

Glucose only

Front 18

What supplies energy for daily activity?

Back 18

Carbohydrates & fat

Front 19

What is vital for energy during exercise?

Back 19

Glucose

Front 20

What do you prevent with enough carbohydrates?

Back 20

Ketones (An alternative energy source. Energy from Fat)

Front 21

What does too many Ketones cause?

Back 21

(Ketoacidosis) HIgh Blood Acidity