Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Care Planning
|
–Assessment of nutrition
–Diagnosis of nutrition-related problems –Identifying expected outcomes –Implementing interventions |
|
|
Long-term interventions
|
–Determine readiness for change
–Emphasize what to eat,rather than what not to eat –Suggest only 1-2 changes at a time |
|
|
Nutrition education should be tailored
|
•Person’s age
•Level of literacy •Cultural background •Willingness |
|
|
Modified Diets
|
•Altered consistency
•Altered nutrient content –Including or eliminating foods |
|
|
The Diet Order
|
•Physician prescribes
•Consults with RD & nurse •Order must be precise •Diet manuals to identify specific diet details •Diet progression as patient adapts to foods •NPO order –Nothing by mouth –(Latin: Non or Nil per os) |
|
|
Common Dietary Modifications
|
•Clear liquid
–Little residue •Full or blenderized liquid –Oral, facial surgeries, chewing problems •Dysphagia (1,2, and 3) –Consistency altered –Liquids altered •Fat-restricted –Fat malabsorption problems –Heart disease –Weight reduction |
|
|
Common Dietary Modifications-2
|
•Carbohydrate Modified
–Diabetes, Bariatric •Fiber-restricted –Acute intestinal disorders –Before surgery •Sodium-restricted –Prevent or correct fluid retention –Hypertension/Renal •High-kcalorie, high-protein –High nutrient requirements –Eating poorly |
|
|
Types of Services
|
•Selective menus
–Patients can select meals based on their dietary modification –Gives them a choice •Non-selective menus –Does not allow choices –Lists only preselected foods •Semi selective –Combination of the two Written or Spoken Menus |
|
|
Patient Complaints
|
•Not prepared as at home
•Not the right temperature •A way to vent fear, frustration and anger •Means of control |
|
|
Enhance Good Nutrition
|
•Help patient with hygiene before meals
•Provide a calm, quiet environment •Be encouraging/positive about the meal •Contact food service if errors are made with the food |
|
|
Alternate Feeding Routes
|
•Tube feedings (enteral)
–Gastric or intestinal –Need functioning GI tract –Preferred over IV •Intravenous feedings (parenteral) –Malnourished –Non-functioning GI tract “If the gut works use it” |
|
|
Diet-Drug Interactions
•Medications can |
–Reduce appetite
–Increase appetite & weight gain –Alter absorption, metabolism, & excretion of nutrients –Become toxic when they interact with food |
|
|
Diet-Drug Interactions
•Nutrients can |
–Alter absorption, metabolism, & excretion of medications
|
|
|
Drug Effects on Food Intake
|
•Induce nausea & vomiting
•Alter taste sensations •Suppress appetite •Dry the mouth •Cause inflammation & lesions in the mouth •Sedate the patient •Cause unintentional weight gain |
|
|
Drug Effects on Nutrient Absorption
|
•Drug-nutrient binding
–Bile acid binders (Questran/Fat sol. Vitamins) –Some antibiotics (Tetracycline/Calcium) •Altered stomach acidity –Antacids/B12, folate, and iron •Direct inhibition –Interferes with intestinal absorption or transport (antibiotics compete with folate) |
|
|
Food Effects on Drug Absorption
|
•Stomach emptying rate
–Meals delay absorption –Empty stomach enhances absorption •Stomach acidity –Some drugs need an acidic environment –Others may need enteric coating •Interactions with food components –Some foods can bind to drugs and decrease absorption –Phytates (fiber) binds to Digoxin –Tube feeding and Dilantin |
|
|
•Drugs & nutrients
|
–Share similar enzyme systems in small intestine & liver
–Some drugs may enhance or inhibit the activities of these enzymes –High Dose Methotrexate •Luecovorin rescue (preactive folate) |
|
|
–Anticonvulsants:
|
need more folate,
and vitamins D and K |
|
|
Grapefruit and Cranberry juice
|
–Increases blood concentrations of some drugs
|
|
|
Vitamin K-rich foods
|
–Can weaken the effect of blood thinners
–Similar structures |
|
|
Herbs that enhance blood thinners
|
–St. John’s wort
–Ginkgo –Garlic –Ginseng –Etc. |
|
|
Drug Effects on Nutrient Excretion
Some medications may |
–Alter mineral reabsorption in the kidneys
–Cause an increase or decrease in urinary losses |
|
|
Drug Effects on Nutrient Excretion
Problems with |
–Multiple drugs with same effect
–Impaired kidney function –Long-term use of medications |
|
|
Dietary Effects on Drug Excretion
|
•Inadequate excretion of medications can cause toxicity
•Excessive losses of medications can reduce the therapeutic effect •Urine acidity can affect drug excretion |
|
|
Diet-Drug Interactions & Toxicity
|
•Example
–Tyramine in foods –MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase) antidepressant •Hypertensive Crisis •Interactions can be fatal |
