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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four steps of the Nutrition Care Process
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1. Nutrition Assessment
2. Nutrition Diagnosis 3. Nutrition Intervention 4. Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation |
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What is Nutritional Assessment
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systematic process of obtaining, verifying, and interpreting data in order to make decisions about the nature and cause of nutrition-related problems
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What is Nutrition Diagnosis
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identify and describe a specific nutrition problem that can be resolved or improved through treatment/nutrition intervention by a dietetic practitioner
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What is Nutrition Intervention
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The purpose is to resolve or improve the identified nutrition problem by planning and implementing appropriate nutrition interventions that are tailored to the client's needs
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What are the four classes of nutrition intervention
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1. food and nutrient provision
2. nutrition education 3. nutrition counseling 4. coordination of care with other health care professionals |
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What are the four categories of nutrition evaluation
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1. did they improve their behaviors?
2. food and nutrient intake 3. losing or gaining weight 4. does the patient believe they are better? |
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What are the parts of a PES statement?
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Problem (related to)
Etiology/Cause (as evidenced by) Signs/Symptoms Intervention |
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What are the 3 domains of nutritional diagnosis
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clinical
intake behavioral/environmental |
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What are the four steps of nutrition counseling
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listening
interviewing assessing counseling |
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What are some nutrition counseling do's?
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make them feel comfortable
speak at their level keep it simple assess understanding ask open-ended questions |
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What are some nutrition counseling dont's?
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give a lecture or do all the talking
try to scare them criticize their current eating habits set goals for them let the client control the time overload with too much information get into arguments |
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Identify some goal setting principles
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a. Start with the bar low, raise it with success
b. Set no more than 1-2 goals at a time c. Long-term behavior based d. They should identify realistic goals e. Their pace and desire |
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What are the 5 stages of change
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a. Pre-contemplation
b. Contemplation c. Preparation/determination d. Action e. maintenance |
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What are characteristics of the pre-contemplation stage?
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i. Unawareness, ignorance, denial, resistance, don’t present selves for treatment, no intention of changing
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What are characteristics of the contemplation stage?
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i. Thinking about change but not committed, gather info, cost of change appears to high, may take action within 6 mos
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What are some characteristics of preparation or determination
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i. Intention and behavior begin to come together, small changes, intend on taking action soon
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What are some characteristics of the action stage
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i. Behavior, experiences, environment are modified, cost of not changing becomes greater than cost of change, self esteem needs to be high because self efficacy is on the line
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What are the characteristics of the maintenance stage
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i. Person works to prevent relapse, change has occurred for at least 6 mos, stabilizing behavior change, skills used in maintenance different than change
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What are the 3 ways medicines are dispersed in the USA
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a) Over the counter
b) Prescription/legend c) Controlled substances/scheduled |
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Describe the new drug approval process
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a) Animal studies to find toxicities, clinical trials: phase 1 drug given to more and more people per year, process takes about 7-8 years, $800M-$1B
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What are the 5 drug categories during pregnancy
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b) A: controlled studies in humans suggest it is safe
c) B: human data reassuring but animal data suggests harm or animal studies show no risk d) C: human data lacking; animal studies positive for risk or not done in animals e) D: human data show risk, but benefit may outweigh risk f) X: animal or human data suggest risk; benefits do not outweigh risks |
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4. What are the four aspects of pharmacokenetics and how does nutritional status affect each one of them?
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a) Absorption- most drugs require active transport, water vs fat soluble, acidity/alkalinity in the lumen, presence of chelators
b) Distribution- what happens to the drug from the liver to excretion c) Metabolism- goes through liver, half life, d) Elimination- urine, feces, sweat, respiration, mammory glands |
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5. What are monamine oxidase inhibitors and what are the nutritional implications of them?
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a) Enzymes which metabolize neurotransmitters, vasoconstriction results, no tyramine in the diet, rapid heart rate
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possible medical interactions
levodopa lasix tetracycline phenoytin warfarin lithium |
a. Levodopa- limit pyramidine, take iron supplements, increases anorexia
b. Lasix- increase K and Mg, decrease Na, anorexia, increased thirst c. Tetracycline- take minerals, fortified foods before or after drug, anorexia, d. Phenoytin- increase folate, may need supplements, e. Warfarin- take vit K f. lithium- drink more fluids, limit caffeine, increased thirst |
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What is osteopathy
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diseases arising in the musculoskeletal system, a disturbance in one area affects the whole body, osteopathic manipulation
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What is chiropracty
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relationship between the spine and function, manipulative therapy
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describe naturopathy
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concept of the healing force of nature which emphasizes the prevention of disease the maintenance of health, avoidance of therapies that prevents self-healing
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What is homeopathy
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if a large amount of a substance creates symptoms then small amounts can be used to treat, no scientific backing
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What is traditional Chinese Medicine
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concept of energy force called Qi, wellness is a balance
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What is ayurveda
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whole medical system, diet, herbal remedies for the mind body spirit
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What is acupuncture?
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use of think needles inserted into points on the meridian, good scientific background
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What is aromatherapy?
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use of oils from plants to promote health and well being
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What is QI gong
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component of TCM that combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the flow of Qi
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What is Reiki
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japanese universal life energy, reiki practitioner moves energy around
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What is therrapeutic touch?
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laying-on of hands, healing force of the therapist that affects the patient's recovery, energies are balanced
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What is the DSHEA law?
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classifies herbals as dietary supplements distinct from foods or drugs, may carry structure/function claims, promotes quackery
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What are the 4 drug schedules
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I: very high potential for abuse for no legit medical use
II: high potential for abuse but have legit uses (no refills, limit abuse) III: moderate potential IV:some abuse V: non perscription but sign a narcotic book |
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Describe innate immunity
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born with it
initial response kills all invaders non specific |
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What is the significance of the major histocompatability complex?
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body can recognize itself
transplant rejections unique to every individuals |
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What are the stages of wound healing?
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1. inflammation
2. proliferative/granulation 3. maturation |
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What are the 4 vitamins/minerals involved in wound healing?
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Vitamin A
Vitamin C Zinc B Vitamins |
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What is the function of Vitamin A in wound healing?
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cell proliferation
cell differentiation wound closure protects against infection |
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What is the role of Vitamin C in wound healing?
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Required for hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen synthesis
Stimulates fibroblast mitosis for collagen synthesis Possible enhanced resistance to infection |
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What is the role of Zinc in wound healing
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cofactor for many enzymes
cell replication collagen formation increases plasma proteins |
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What is the function of the B Vitamins in wound healing
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metabolic cofactor
collagenation and cross linking |
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What are risk factors of pressure sores?
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immobility
poor nutrition lowered mental awareness loss of bowel control weight gain/loss dehydration |
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What are the nutritional interventions for pressure sores?
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increase kcals
protein fluid zinc maybe |
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What are the four stages of pressure sores?
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1. nonblanchable erythema, lesion of skin ulceration
2. skin loss, looks superficial like a blister 3. full thickness skin loss, necrosis of subcutaneous tissue 4. extensive damage to supporting tissues |
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What causes:
maceration shear friction |
m- prolonged exposure to moisture
s- skin rips away, anchored to bed f- rug burn |
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What is rheumatoid arthritis?
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Systemic autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the connective tissue especially synovial tissues.
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