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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Top causes of death
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Heart disease 29%
Cancers 23% Cerebrovascular (strokes) 7% Diabetes 3% Nutrition related 2/3 Alcohol-related 4.2% |
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Essential nutrients
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needed to maintain life, not produced in the body
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Six classes of nutrients
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water, carbohydrates (CHO), protein, lipid (fat), vitamins, minerals
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Water
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inorganic, 60% of the body
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Carbohydrates
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organic, immediate fuel for the body
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Lipids
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organic, stored energy
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Protein
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organic, body structures, enzymes, hormones, transport
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Vitamins
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organic, regulate chemical reactions in the body, no energy
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Minerals
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inorganic, regulate chemical reactions, no energy, stored in bones
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Daily values
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Nutrient standards on food labels, based on 2000 calorie diet
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AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges)
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45-65% CHO
20-25% Fat 10-35% Protein |
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Phytochemicals
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---
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Self Check pg 53-57
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---
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Body cell turnover
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each type of cell has a specific turnover rate, highest turnover rate= more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies
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Genes
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segments of DNA that code for proteins, affected by nutrient intake
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Cell membrane
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phospholipid bilayer, transport of substances in and out of cell
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Mitochondria
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major site of energy production for the cell, converts feul from macronutrients to ATP
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Cardiovascular system
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supplies cells w/ oxygen, energy, & essential nutrients, takes away wastes
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Extracellular fluid ECF
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blood plasma around cell, allows material exchange
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Intracellular fluid ICF
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inside cells, medium for cellular reactions
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Plasma
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clear portion of blood, contains nutrients, blood proteins, and hormones
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Blood flow
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right heart to lungs
lungs to left heart left heart to aorta aorta to arteries arteries to capillaries (arterial) capillaries to ECF ECF to capillaries (vein) capillaries to veins veins to vena cava vena cave to right heart |
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Portal circulation
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intestinal capillary bed to liver
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Liver
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all CHO & protein goes there, liver sends it where it needs to go (mail center)
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Kidneys
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blood passes through and is filtered of wastes
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Hormonal (endocrine) System
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monitors homeostasis, chemical messengers (hormones)
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Homeostasis
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body staying the same (Ph, temp, nutrients, water, etc.)
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Nervous system
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regulator of homeostasis
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Hypothalamus
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integrates external & internal stimuli, takes in info. from nervous & endocrine systems and makes a plan
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Stress response
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fight or flight, how the nervous system and hormone system work together
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Epinephrine
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adrenaline, speed of our body, released during stress
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Immune system
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defense against non-self
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Epithelial tissue
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1st defense of the body, barrier, skin & digestive tract
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Antibody
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specific immunity, protein deficiency can decrease antibody production
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