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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 main types of CHO
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sugars and polysaccharides
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simple sugars
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monosaccharides and disaccharides
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monosaccharides
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glucose
fructose galactose |
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disaccharides
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maltose
lactose sucrose |
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maltose
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glucose and glucose
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lactose
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glucose and galactose
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sucrose
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glucose and fructose
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glucose is stored in animals as
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glycogen
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glucose is stored in plants as
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starch
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breakdown of glycogen question
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TRUE
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soluble fiber
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pectin, lower cholesterol, improve glucose tolerance
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insoluble fiber
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cellulose, prevent hemmrhoids and diverticulosis
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advantages of getting CHO from complex sources
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all of the above
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low CHO diet
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all of the above
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ketosis
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incomplete fat breakdown
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main organ of blood glucose homeostasis
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pancreas
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physiological effect of insulin
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lower blood sugar
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physiological effect of glucagon
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raise blood sugar
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Which are true of type 2 diabetes (NIDDM)
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A and B cells resist insuline, obesity risk factor
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triglycerides
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primary storage form of fat
95% of fat in food in US |
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phospholipid functions
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cell membrane component, emulsifcation
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sterols
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precursors for bile, hormones, vitamin D
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polyunsaturated fatty acid
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two double bonds
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saturated fa
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raises LDL
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unsaturated fa
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lowers LDL
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monounsaturated FA source
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olive oil
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which help decrease LDL- blood cholesterol
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monounsaturated fats
fiber |
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three types of lipoproteins
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LDL
HDL chylomicrons |
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what do LDL's do
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carry lipids from the liver to the cells
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what to HDL'sdo
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carry lipids from the cells to the liver
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what do chlyomicron's do
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carry lipids from the intestines to the liver
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cells obtain the fat they need by
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lipoprotein lipase LPL
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essential fatty acids
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linoleic acid Omega 6
alphalinolenic acid Omega 3 |
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eicosanoids are derived from
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fish
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Omega 3 fatty acids (benefit)
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lower risk for blood clots
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hydrogenation
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saturated, solid, trans fats
all of the above |
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phospholipids act as
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emulsifiers
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health effects of trans fats
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raise LDL, lower HDL
B and C |
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olestra provides no energy because
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fat digesting enzymes cannot break it down
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which is more efficient for fats
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store dietary fat as fat
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chemical element in protein
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nitrogen
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structure of amino acid
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acid group
amine group sidechain |
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when protein is denatured
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loss of 3 dimensional shape
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sequence (amino acids, proteins)
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3 dimensional
genes function of protein all of the above |
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edema
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swelling, fluid accumulation
proteins role in fluid balance |
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fatty liver
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proteins role in transport
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sickness
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protein's role in immunity
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limiting amino acid
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aa in shortest supply
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if you lack an essential amino acid for a long time...
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b. protein cannot be made
c. body breaks down tissue B and C |
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protein quality standard
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egg white
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plant source of protein
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soy
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negative nitrogen balance
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N out > N in
person confined to bed immobilized |
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positive nitrogen balance
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N in > N out
infant pregnancy |
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adult daily protein amount
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lbs to kg (divide by 2.2)
times .8 grams lbs/2.2 x .8g= |
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body protein is used for energy when
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starving, low quality protein diet, low CHO diet
all of the above |
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kwashiorkor
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severe protein deficiency
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marasmus
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severe energy deficiency
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effects of malnutrition
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NOT increased basal metabolic rate BMR
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excess protein is turned into
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fat
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CHO digestions begins in --- and is broken down to --- for absorption
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the mouth, monosaccharides
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Fat; triglycerides are --- before digested
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emulsified by bile
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protein 1st step is --- then the amino acids reach the ---
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denatured, liver
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pectin
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soluble fiber
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glycerol
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forms the backbone of triglycerides and phospholipids
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linoleic acid
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essential fatty acid
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cellulose
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insoluble fiber
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polyunsaturated fatty acid
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fatty acid with a double bond
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hydrogenation
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process of solidifying oils
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peptide bonds
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join together amino acids to form primary structure of protein
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fructose
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fruit sugar
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NIDDM
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form of diabetes associated with overweight (type 2)
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triglyceride
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primary form of fat in food
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point of unsaturation
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double bond in a fatty acid
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glucose + fructose
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sucrose
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lipoprotein associated with increased risk for CVD
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LDL
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precursor for bile, sex hormones, vitamin D
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sterols, cholesterol
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lipoprotein that scavenges cholesterol in arteries and returns them to the liver
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HDL
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energy malnutrition
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marasmus
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