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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil and lanolin, and used as an immunopotentiator (booster of the immune System), and consists of a complete form and an incomplete form.
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Freund's Adjuvant
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What consititutes Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA)
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Mineral Oil
Lanolin Inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usu. mycobacterium tuberculosis) |
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What is used to elicit stronger T- and B- cell mediated responses when antigens alone do not evoke sufficient immunogenic responses
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Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant
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What are the roles of an Adjuvant?
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Enhance Antibody response
Enhance Uptake of antigen by antigen presenting cells Slow down absorption and increase uptake of a vaccine |
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The use of _____ eliminates the need for repeated booster doses of the antigen and permits the use of smaller doses of the antigen in the vaccine.
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Adjuvants
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A bacterial toxin whose toxicity has been weakened or destroyed by either chemical (formaldehyde) or heat treatment. Although they have lost their toxic properties they still retain their ______, thus are able to produce antitoxin antibodies
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Toxoid
Immunogenicity |
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What are toxoid usually administered with?
What diseases are they useful against? |
Adjuvant
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, ect. |
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An antibody formed in response to a specific toxin.
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Antitoxin
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A serum containing _____ can be used for either treatment or prevention of certain bacterial diseases.
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Antitoxin
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What does an antitoxin do to prevent disease?
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Neutralizes unbound toxins
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What are the disadvantages of using toxoid vaccines?
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Even with an adjuvant added these vaccines do not produce a full immune response, and booster shots are needed for immunity
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Antibodies used in passive immunization
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Immune globulins
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What are used to induce active immunization?
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Toxoids
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What kind of immunity occurs naturally and artificially?
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Passive or Active Acquired immunity
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Human HBIG (human serum containing a high titer of antibiotics against HBV) to prevent hep B in those not actively immunized with Hep B vaccine is an example of what?
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Artificially acquired passive immunity
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Immunity when a person is exposed to an antigen and the body produces antibodies. Ex: recovery from in infection with mumps virus confers lifelong immunity.
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Naturally acquired active immunity
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Immunity when anti bodies (IgG) are passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy and IgA passed from mother to newborn during breast feeding.
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Naturally acquired passive immunity
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Immunity from a vaccination with killed, inactivated, or attenuated bacteria or toxoid
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Artificially acquired active immunity
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Immunity from injection of immune serum or gamma-globulin
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Artificially acquired passive immunity
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What is the purpose of Artificially acquired active immunity
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Elicit an immune response before the onset of disease symptomatology. Effectiveness is dependent on slow onset of pathogen and vaccines speed to produce antibodies
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What are the diseases that are prevented with an inactivated virus vaccine?
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Influenza
Rabies Hep A Polio (salk) - Injection |
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What are the diseases that are prevented with an attenuated live virus vaccine?
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Smallpox
Yellow Fever Measles Mumps Rubella Polio (sabin) - oral Varicella (chickenpox) |
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What are the diseases that are prevented by a purified HBsAg:Recombinant HBsAg vaccine?
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Hep B
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What is an attenuated live virus?
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One that exhibits decreased virulence
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What are the more potent vaccines?
Attenuated / Inactivated virus Why? |
Attenuated Live Virus
Elicit all the innate and adaptive immune responses that the live viruses would. |
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Vaccines that contain polysaccharide capsular material from the bacteria, usually conjugated to protein for greater immunogenicity
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Capsular polysaccharide vaccines
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What are the capsular polysaccharide vaccines?
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Strep. pneumonia vaccine (pneumonia)
Neisseria meningitides vaccine (meningitis) Haemophilus influenzae vaccine (meningitis) |
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What are the toxoid vaccines?
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae vaccine (diphtheria)
Clostridium tetani vaccine (tetany) |
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What are the killed bacterial viruses?
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Bordetella pertussis vaccine (whopping cough)
Salmonella typhi vaccine (typhoid fever) Vibrio cholerae vaccine (cholera) |
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What are the live attenuated bacterial vaccines?
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Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (TB)
Francisella tularensis vaccine (tularemia) Coxiella burnetti vaccine (Q fever) |
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What is required from passive immunity to provide long term protection.
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Immune globulins for immediate protection
Vaccine for long term protection |