Nbde Biochemistry/physiology Ph

Front 1

What is it called when the pH is at which the number of positive and negative charges on a molecule equal each other?

Back 1

Isoelectric point (pI)

Front 2

At physiologic pH, all amino acids have both a negatively charged _____ group and a positively charged _____ group. They are, therefore _____ ions, or a _____.

Back 2

Carboxyl
Amino
Dipolar
Zwitterion

Front 3

Proteins are effective buffers because they contain what?

Back 3

Amino acid residues with different pKa's

Front 4

_____ in pK means a stronger ability to bind hydrogen ions.

Back 4

Increase

Front 5

What is the most important buffer in extracellular fluid including blood due to the decomposition of water and carbon dioxide, the latter being eliminated very rapidly through the lungs?

Back 5

Carbonic Acid system

Front 6

What part of the body is the carbonic acid system most important in?
Why?

Back 6

Oral cavity
Neutralization of acids in foods and those produced by oral bacteria

Front 7

What is the major determinate of blood pH?

Back 7

Balance between bicarbonate and CO2

Front 8

_____ is a major intracellular buffer.

Back 8

Hemoglobin

Front 9

Buffer systems most commonly consist of a _____ _____ and a _____, or _____ _____.
What do these systems essentially do?

Back 9

Weak acid (proton donor)
salt, conjugate base (proton acceptor)

Release H+ when pH drops and adds H+ when pH rises.

Front 10

The _____ range of a buffered solution is given by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

Back 10

pH

Front 11

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Back 11

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

Front 12

The _____ Ka the stronger the acid.
The _____ Ka the weaker the acid.

Back 12

Larger
Smaller

Front 13

What is the equation of the dissociation constant?
What equation is derived from this?

Back 13

pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Front 14

How is excess acid excreted by the kidney's?

Back 14

As hydrogen ion, ammonium ion, or combined with phosphate

Front 15

What are the major buffers of the blood?

Back 15

Bicarbonate, hemoglobin, albumin

Front 16

What type of patient is most likely to have metabolic alkalosis?

Back 16

A patient who is vomiting

Front 17

Excessive blood acidity characterized by an inappropriately low level of bicarbonate in the blood caused by chronic renal failure, diarrhea and salicylate poisoning.

Back 17

Metabolic acidosis

Front 18

Excessive blood acidity caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood as a result of poor lung function or slow breathing.

Back 18

Respiratory Acidosis

Front 19

A condition in which the blood is alkaline because of an inappropriately high level of bicarbonate. Other causes include hyperaldosterism and the use of thiazide diuretics.

Back 19

Metabolic Alkalosis

Front 20

A condition in which the blood is alkaline because rapid or deep breathing results in a low blood carbon dioxide level.

Back 20

Respiratory Alkalosis

Front 21

What is the primary disturbance of metabolic acidosis?
What is the compensation?

Back 21

Decreased [HCO3-]
Decreased pCO2

Front 22

What is the primary disturbance of metabolic alkalosis?
What is the compensation?

Back 22

Increased [HCO3-]
Increased pCO2

Front 23

What is the primary disturbance of respiratory acidosis?
What is the compensation?

Back 23

Increased pCO2
Increased [HCO3-]

Front 24

What is the primary disturbance of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the compensation?

Back 24

Decreased pCO2
Decreased [HCO3-]