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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord relay what kind of impulses?
Sensory Impulses
Cell bodies in the anterior horn of the spinal cord transmit what kind of impulses?
Motor Impulses
The _____ matter surrounding the horns of the spinal cord consists of _____ fibers, which form the _____ and _____ tracts.
White
Myelinated
Ascending
Descending
A group of axons within the CNS having the same origin, termination, and function, and is often named for its _____ and _____.
Tract
Origin
Termination
Axons that run on the same side as their cell bodies of origin are referred to as what?
Ipsilateral
Axons of cells that run on the opposite side of their cell bodies of origin are referred to as what?
Contralateral
Sensory pathways are _____ systems.
Ascending
Motor pathways are _____ systems.
Descending
The _____ _____ is where the processing is done and the _____ _____ is the channels of communications between the _____ _____ and the rest of the body.
Grey matter
White matter
Grey matter
Bundles of axons each coated with a sheath of myelin.
White matter
Masses of the cell bodies and dendrites, each covered with synapses.
Gray matter
What structure functions to control complex patterns of voluntary motor behavior?
Basal Ganglia
What are the nuclei of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra
Subthalamic nucleus
A large ovoid mass of gray matter that relays all sensory stimuli as they ascend to the cerebral cortex. Output from the cortex can also synapse here.
Thalamus
Controls many homeostatic processes, which are often associated with the ANS. Regulates body temp., water balance, appetite, GI activity, sexual activity, sleep, fear and rage.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from where?
What system does this affect?
Pituitary gland
Endocrine system
Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus by a reduction in core temp. will produce _____.
Shivering
Functions in the consolidation of memories and in learning
Hippocampus
What does damage to the basal ganglia cause?
Motor abnormalities
What are some syndromes associated with damage to the nuclei of the basal ganglia?
Parkinsons
Hemiballismus
Huntington's chorea
The human forebrain (_____) is made up of a pair of cerebral hemispheres, called the _____, and a group of structures located deep within the cerebrum that make up the _____.
Prosencephalon
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What are the main structures of the hind brain (_____)?
(Rhombencephalon)

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Lies beneath the cerebrum just above the brain stem, and functions in coordinating voluntary muscular activity, maintaining equilibrium, and coordination.
Cerebellum
Connects the cerebellum with the cerebrum and links the midbrain to the medulla oblongata;serves as the exit point for the cranial nerves _____, _____, _____.
Pons
V
VI
VII
Looks like a swollen tip to the spinal cord. Nerve impulses here rhythmically stimulate the _____ muscles and _____, making breathing possible. Also regulates the _____ and the diameter of _____, thus adjusting blood flow.
Medulla oblongata
Intercostal
Diaphragm
Heartbeat
Arterioles
What kind of receptors do neurons that control breathing have?
What kind of drugs bind here which would inhibit respiration?
Mu receptors
Opiates and Heroin
What are the different parts of the brain stem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Connects dorsally with the cerebellum and contains large voluntary motor nerve tracts.
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
A primitive brain area deep within the temporal lobe. Initiates basic drives like hunger, aggression, emotional feelings and sexual arousal. Also screens all sensory messages traveling to the cerebral cortex.
Limbic System
Mass of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
Corpus callosum
What are the lobes of the brain named for?
The cranial bones that overlie them.
In addition to the functions of the primary areas in each lobe, the vast majority of the cerebral cortex is involved in associative and higher order functioning such as _____, _____, and _____.
Ideation
Language
Thought
Contains the primary motor area and influences personality, judgement, abstract reasoning, social behavior, and language expression.
Frontal lobe
Controls hearing, language comprehension, storage and recall of memories.
Temporal lobe
Interprets and integrates sensation, including pain, temperature, and touch; interprets size, shape, distance, and texture; important for awareness of body shape.
Parietal lobe
Functions mainly to interpret visual stimuli.
Occipital lobe