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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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10.1
immune deviation |
- too much antigen
- small amounts of antigen -> TH1 (cellular) response - large dose -> TH2 (humoral) response - humoral response: not effective against a virus attack - too high virus attack -> ineffective TH2 humoral response |
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10.2
T cells require 2 signals for activation |
1) MHC-TCR binding along w/ co-stimulant adhesion of CD4 or CD8
2) B7-CD28 binding |
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10.3
chronic inflammation: |
- cytokines produced during inflammation will act on self antigen holding T cells in body and activate them when they shouldn't be -> autoimmunity
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10.4
cross linking: |
- needed to inhibit B cell activation
- binding 2 specific B lymphocytes to a multivalent Ag by Ab bound to at least 2 different receptors - each B cell must bind Ab to both their FcR and their BCR before the bound Ab contacts the antigen - abundance of cross link negative feedback to halt the production of mature B cells that would produce more Ab |
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10.5
idiotype |
- paratopes on Ab will bind to epitopes on Ag
- when Ab is produced to a foreign configuration, the paratope is a unique sequence -> idiotype - exact mirror image of novel epitope |
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10.6
idiotype and inhibition |
- Ab that recognizes another Ab's idiotype -> inhibited
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10.7
T cell regulation via cytokines |
- Th2's cytokines (TGF-beta, IL-10) shut down Th1
- Th2's cytokines (IFN-gamma) inhibit Th2 - polarization of the immune system |
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10.8
tolerance |
- antigen-specific immunological unresponsiveness
- preventing harmful reactivity with the body's own tissues |
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10.9
anergy |
engage MHC-peptide without co-stimulation
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10.10
peripheral cell death |
- after being stimulated by Ag, T cells up-regulate Fas and produce Fas ligand
- when activated T cell comes across a T cell w/ the Fas ligand -> apoptosis -> kill the activated cell |
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10.11
lack of T cell help |
- threshold of T cell tolerance is much lower than for B cells, thus lack of B cell self-reactivity is most likely due to lack of T cell help
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10.12
artifically induced tolerance |
- cross linking B cell receptor w/o delivering signal 2 (Anti-IgM) (pentameric)
- engaging TCR w/o delivering signal 2 (co-stimulator) |
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10.13
oral immunization |
- produce IgA, requires production of I1-10 -> shuts off (Th1, B cells, CD8 T cell, NK cells)
- prevents the vaccine from being attacked by acquired immune system |
