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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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12.1
prophylactic |
prevent against future infection
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12.2
tumor specific antigens (TSA) |
- found only on tumor cells
- could potentially be seen as foreign |
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12.3
tumor associated antigens (TAA) |
- found on tumor cells and normal cells
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12.4
chemically or physically induced |
- tumors display unique antigens within the same host
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12.5
virus-induced |
- tumors induced by the same virus display common (shared) antigens
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12.6
immunosurveillance theory |
- tumors arise only when cancer cells escape immune surveillance, either by modulating expression of tumor Ag or by interfering with the host's ability to respond
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12.7
non specific immune effectors natural killer cells |
- activity is non-specific and not MHC-restricted
- recognize targets that do not express MHC I - Kill target cells by ADCC - function is regulated by cytokines - IFN - important in immunosurveillance |
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12.8
non specific immune effectors macrophages |
- activated macrophages are major effectors
- activity is not MHC restricted - release lytic enzymes, TNF, toxic O2 and N2 - kill by ADCC via CD16 - activity is regulated by cytokines: IFN |
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12.9
specific immune effectors B cell |
- produce antibody
- can kill tumor targets with C activation - can bind to FcR and kill targets by ADCC |
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12.10
specific immune effectors T cells |
- major mediators of immunity vs. tumors
- killing is Ag-specific and MHC restricted - involved perforin, granzymes and Fas - cytotoxic CD8T cells more important than CD4T cells in tumor attack |
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12.11
ex-vivo activated effector cells |
- look for T cells (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes TILs) in a segment of exercised tumor
- induce proliferation of these TILS - require IL2 to signal expansion - reintroduce into patient - adoptive immunotherapy |
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12.12
enhance APC activity: |
- transfer tumor cells w/ genes encoding cytokines like GM-CSF (granulocytes - macrophage colony stimulating factor) to stimulate production of APCs like dendritic cells
- cytotoxic T cells activated and tumor can be destroyed |
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12.13
monoclonal antibodies |
- breast cancer: Herceptin
- specificity of identical monoclonal antibodies allows them to target only cells we want (tumor cells) for destruction by ADCC - other immunotoxins can also be delivered to the tumor cell by coupling w/ monoclonal antibodies - chimeric: utilize mouse-derived antigen binding variable regions connected to a human constant region -> minimize immune response against monoclonal antibodies |
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12.14
non-specific approaches to immunotherapy |
- use adjuvants: substances that enhanes immunogenicity
- PAMPs - adjuvants bind to TLRs on antigen presenting cells -> serve to upregulate adhesion molecules, co-stimulatory molecules, MHC, cytokines |
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12.15
anaphylactic shock |
- cytokines can be problematic when used therapeutically -> blood clotting
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