Mim Lecture 4

Front 1

4.1

passive immunization:

Back 1

give patient a preformed antibody for protection against an antigen

Front 2

4.2

active immunization

Back 2

induces the immune system itself to acquire a permanent resistance to a specific pathogen

Front 3

4.3

immunogenicity

Back 3

ability of an Ag to induce immune response

Front 4

4.4

clonal expansion

Back 4

- B cells produce offsprings known as memory cells
- daughter cells has the same type of B cell receptors

Front 5

4.5

B and T cells and the type of antigens they recognize:

Back 5

B = native, unaltered antigens. Bind to soluble antigenic epitopes (portion of antigen)

T = processed, denatured antigens, epitopes of specific antigens

Front 6

4.6

Clonal expansion for T cells:

Back 6

need a ternary complex for activation
- T cell receptor, antigen, MHC, APC

Front 7

4.7

Epitopes for B cells:

Back 7

hydrophilic peptides

6-7 AA

Front 8

4.8

epitopes for T cells

Back 8

- internal linear peptides made by processing (APC engulfs antigen, breaks it up, presents a fragment)

Front 9

4.9

Antibody:

Back 9

- a protein produced by activated B lymphocytes
- binds specifically to a particular substance - its antigen
- Y shaped molecule that contains 2 heavy and 2 light chains
- 2 antigen binding sites (variable)
- constant region gives effector function

Front 10

4.10

Epitopes

Back 10

- portion of the antigen that bind to an immune receptor
- antigenic determinant
- 1 antigen can have many epitopes

Front 11

4.11

antigen and T cells

Back 11

can be recognized only when complexed w/ a MHC

Front 12

4.12

nonmicrobial antigens:

Back 12

- allergic people
- pollen eggwhite
- blood cell surface molecules

Front 13

4.13

antigens can elicit 2 types of antibody response:

Back 13

1) polyclonal: Ab against different epitopes come from progeny of many different B cells

2) monoclonal: response against a single epitope comes from the progeny of a single clone

Front 14

4.14

Antigenicity

Back 14

ability of Ag to react specifically w/ an antibody or TCR

Front 15

4.15

immunogen

Back 15

if an Ag can induce immune response, then its an immunogen

Front 16

4.16

natural immunization

Back 16

Ag crosses a mucosal surface

Ag entry influences the Ab isotype production

Front 17

4.17

experimental immunization

Back 17

s.c. subcutaneous
i.d. intradermal
(provokes T cell responses)

i.m. intramuscular (polio, flu)
i.v. intravenous
(Ab production)

i.p. intraperitoneal
i.n. intranasal
oral

Front 18

4.18

adjuvants

Back 18

- substance that enhances immunogenicity of substances mixed w/ it
- trick the immune system to think there is an infection
- water, oil, bacterial products
- don't form stable linkages w/ immunogen
- activate: inflmmatory response, dendritic cells, APCs, TLRs, complement

Front 19

4.19

ISCOMS

Back 19

- immune stimulatory complexes that can be use dot deliver peptides to the MHC I pathway
- lipids enclosing peptides, fuse w/ APC membrane
- adjuvants w/ minimal toxicity

Front 20

4.20

haptens

Back 20

- to fasten in greek
- antigens w/ single epitopes aka incomplete antigens
- small organic molecules, single structure,
- do not provoke antibodies when injected by themselves -> must be attached to protein carrier to stimulate Ab
- penicillin-based drugs, poiison ivy, hydralazine, halotane

Front 21

4.21

valence

Back 21

# of Ab molecules that can bind to a molecule of antigen at 1 time

Front 22

4.22

T cell epitopes and amphipatic peptides

Back 22

T cell epitopes are usually amphipatic peptides:

Hydrophobic - MHC
hydrophilic - TCR

Front 23

4.23

mitogens

Back 23

- polyclonal activators
- induce mitosis -> cell division in lymphocytes w/o antigen specificity
- plant lectins-proteins

Front 24

4.24

superantigens

Back 24

- polyclonal activators of T
- w/o specificity for antigen or MHC
- food poisoning, toxic shock
- don't need processing
- cause the release of very high levels of cytokines -> inflammation -> tissue injury -> shock and death