Microbiology - Spirochetes

Front 1

What disease states does Treponema cause?

Back 1

Treponema Pallidum causes syphilis. Treponema Pertenue causes yaws (a non-STD tropical infection with positive VDRL)

Front 2

What is yaws?

Back 2

Treponema Pertenue causes yaws (a non-STD tropical infection with positive VDRL)

Front 3

Presentation of primary syphilis

Back 3

Painless chancre (localized disease)

Front 4

What stage of syphilis: Painless chancre (localized disease)

Back 4

Primary

Front 5

Presentation of secondary syphilis

Back 5

Disseminated disease with: 1. constitutional symptoms (fever, lymphadenopathy) 2. maculopapular rash (palms and soles) 3. condylomata lata - Mnemonic: Secondary means Systemic

Front 6

What stage of syphilis: Disseminated disease with constitutional symptoms

Back 6

Secondary syphilis

Front 7

Presentation of tertiary syphilis

Back 7

1. Gummas 2. Aortitis 3. Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis, general paresis) 4. Argyll Robertson pupil

Front 8

What stage of syphilis: Gummas

Back 8

tertiary syphilis

Front 9

What stage of syphilis: Aortitis

Back 9

tertiary syphilis

Front 10

What stage of syphilis: Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis)

Back 10

tertiary syphilis

Front 11

What stage of syphilis: Argyll Robertson pupil

Back 11

tertiary syphilis

Front 12

What stage of syphilis: maculopapular rash (palms and soles)

Back 12

Secondary syphilis

Front 13

What stage of syphilis: condylomata lata

Back 13

Secondary syphilis

Front 14

Presentation of Congenital syphilis

Back 14

1. Saber shins 2. Saddle nose 3. Deafness

Front 15

What stage of syphilis: Saber shins

Back 15

Congenital syphilis (not a stage)

Front 16

What stage of syphilis: Saddle nose

Back 16

Congenital syphilis (not a stage)

Front 17

What stage of syphilis: Deafness

Back 17

Congenital syphilis (not a stage)

Front 18

Treatment for Syphilis

Back 18

Penicillin G

Front 19

Signs and symptoms of tertiary syphilis

Back 19

1. Broad-based ataxia 2. Positive Romberg sign 3. Charcot joints 4. Stroke without hypertension

Front 20

What is an Argyll-Robertson pupil?

Back 20

Same as prostitute's pupil. Constricts with accommodation but is not reactive to light. Pathognomonic for tertiary syphilis.

Front 21

What is the prostitute's pupil.

Back 21

Same as Argyll-Robertson pupil. Constricts with accommodation but is not reactive to light. Pathognomonic for tertiary syphilis.

Front 22

What is FTA-ABS used for?

Back 22

FTA-ABS: Find the Antibody-Absolutely - 1. Most specific for treponemes 2. Positive the earliest 3. Remains positive the longest

Front 23

Interpret: Positive VDRL, Positive FTA

Back 23

Active treponemal infection

Front 24

Interpret: Positive VDRL, Negative FTA

Back 24

Probably false positive - VDRL: 1. Viruses (mono, hepatitis) 2. Drugs 3. Rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis 4. Lupus and leprosy

Front 25

Interpret: Negative VDRL, Positive FTA

Back 25

Successfully treated treponemal infection

Front 26

Characterization of spirochetes

Back 26

Spiral-shaped bacteria with axial filaments

Front 27

List of spirochetes

Back 27

1. Borrelia (Big!) 2. Leptospira 3. Treponema - Mnemonic: BLT with spiral bacon

Front 28

Light microscopy stains for Borrelia

Back 28

Light microscopy with choice of aniline dye: 1. Wright's stain 2. Giemsa's stain

Front 29

Stages of Lyme disease

Back 29

1. Erythema chronicum migrans and flu-like symptoms
2. Neurologic and cardiac manifestations
3. Autoimmune migratory polyarthritis

Front 30

Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease

Back 30

1. Bell's palsy (and other CNS manifestations in Stage 2)
2. Arthritis (Autoimmune migratory in Stage 3)
3. Kardiac block (Stage 2)
4. Erythema chronicum migrans (Stage 1)
Mnemonic: BAKE a Key Lime pie

Front 31

What species transmits Borrelia burgdorferi to humans?

Back 31

Ixodes tick.

Front 32

Classic symptom of Lyme disease and which stage is it in?

Back 32

Erythema chronicum migrans, an expanding "bull's eye" red rash with central clearing. Stage 1.

Front 33

Animal reservoirs for borrelia burgdorferi

Back 33

White-footed mouse and other small rodens, and the white-tailed deer. Ixodes tick picks up bugs from these animals and transmits them.

Front 34

Most common setting for Borrelia burgdorferi infection

Back 34

In the summer months in northeastern US (Lyme, CT)