Microbiology - Bugs Causing Diarrhea

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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Either bloody or watery

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Campylobacter

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Salmonella

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Shigella

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Enteroinvasive E. coli

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Yersinia enterocolitica

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: C. difficile

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Entamoeba histolytica

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Bloody

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Enterotoxigenic E. coli

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Watery

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Vibrio cholerae

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Watery

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: C. perfringens

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Watery

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Protozoa

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Watery

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Bloody or watery diarrhea: Viruses

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Watery

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with oxidase-positive comma or S-shaped organisms grown at 42 degrees celsius

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Campylobacter

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with motile, lactose negative gram negative bugs

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Salmonella or Shigella - Shigella have a very low ID50 and cause dysentery

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with schistocytes and azotemia

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Enterohemorrhagic E coli (eg O157:H7) - Caused by shiga-like toxin

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with hemolytic uremic syndrome

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Enterohemorrhagic E coli (eg O157:H7) - Caused by shiga-like toxin

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with pathologic section revealing bacteria invading colonic mucosa

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Enteroinvasive E. coli

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with symptoms of appendicitis

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Yersinia enterocolitica

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea in a day care center

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Yersinia enterocolitica

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with pseudomembranous colitis

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Clostridium dificile

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Diagnosis: Bloody diarrhea with protozoans

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Entamoeba histolytica

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Diagnosis: Watery diarrhea in someone who just visited Mexico

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Enterotoxigenic E coli (no preformed toxin)

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Diagnosis: Watery diarrhea with comma-shaped organisms

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Vibrio cholerae

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Diagnosis: Watery diarrhea with appearance of rice water

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Vibrio cholerae

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Diagnosis: Watery diarrhea with gangrenous leg

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Clostridium perfringens

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Diagnosis: Watery diarrhea in an immunocompromised patient

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Protozoa (eg Giardia or Cryptosporidium)

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Diagnosis: Watery diarrhea

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Think viruses first. Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norwalk virus

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Difference between mechanisms of cholera and pertussis toxins

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Cholera: Permanently activates Gs (turns the "on" on), Pertussis: Permanently disables Gi (turns the "off" off)

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What is edema factor?

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A toxin in the Bacillus Anthracis exotoxin complex that functions as adenylyl cyclase