Microbiology - Rna Virus

Front 1

Which RNA viruses are single stranded?

Back 1

All except Reovirus (ds) - Mnemonic: All are ssRNA like ours, except "RepatO-virus" which is ds.

Front 2

Which RNA viruses are double stranded?

Back 2

Reovirus (ds) - Mnemonic: All are ssRNA like ours, except "RepatO-virus" which is ds.

Front 3

Which RNA viruses have infectious naked nucleic acids?

Back 3

positve strand ssRNA (almost the same as mRNA)

Front 4

Which RNA viruses have noninfectious naked nucleic acids?

Back 4

negative strand ssRNA - Mnemonic: Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication - 1. Arena 2. Bunya 3. Paramyxo 4. Orthomyxo 5. Filo B156. Rhabdo

Front 5

Which viruses are haploid?

Back 5

All except retroviruses (diploid)

Front 6

Which viruses are diploid?

Back 6

Retroviruses

Front 7

Where do RNA viruses replicate?

Back 7

Cytoplasm (except influenza and retroviruses)

Front 8

Which RNA viruses are linear?

Back 8

All except the BAD seeds (Bunyavirus, Arenavirus, Deltavirus)

Front 9

Which RNA viruses are circular?

Back 9

1. Bunya 2. Arena 3. Delta - the BAD seeds

Front 10

Which RNA viruses are icosahedral?

Back 10

1.Calici 2.Picorna 3.Reo 4.Flavi 5.Retro 6.Toga - Naked (CPR) FaRT

Front 11

Which RNA viruses are helical?

Back 11

1. Corona 2. Orthomyxo 3. Paramyxo 4. Bunya 5. Arena 6. Rhabdo 7. Filo 8. Delta - Mnemonic: The COP BARFeD up a helix

Front 12

Which viruses have reverse transcriptase?

Back 12

Retro and HBV

Front 13

List of Picornaviruses

Back 13

1. Poliovirus 2. Echovirus 3. Rhinovirus 4. Coxsackievirus 5. HAV - Mnemonic: PERCH on a "peak"

Front 14

Medical importance of Poliovirus

Back 14

Fecal-oral transmission

Front 15

What is IPV?

Back 15

Inactivated polio vaccine (Salk)

Front 16

What is OPV?

Back 16

Oral Polio vaccine (Sabin)

Front 17

Medical importance of Echovirus

Back 17

Aseptic meningitis

Front 18

Medical importance of Rhinovirus

Back 18

"common cold"

Front 19

Medical importance of Coxsackie virus

Back 19

1. Aseptic meningitis 2. herpangina-febrile pharyngitis 3. hand, foot, and mouth disease 4. myocarditis

Front 20

List of Caliciviruses

Back 20

HEV, Norwalk virus

Front 21

Medical importance of Norwalk virus

Back 21

viral gastroenteritis

Front 22

List of Reoviruses

Back 22

Reovirus, Rotavirus

Front 23

Medical importance of Reovirus sp.

Back 23

Colorado tick fever

Front 24

Medical importance of Rotavirus

Back 24

#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

Front 25

Medical importance of Flavivirus

Back 25

1. HCV 2. Yellow fever 3. Dengue 4. St. Louis encephalitis 5. West Nile virus

Front 26

List of Arboviruses

Back 26

Arboviruses are Arthropod Borne viruses: 1. Togaviridae 2. Flaviviridae 3. Bunyaviridae

Front 27

Medical importance of Togaviruses

Back 27

1. Rubella (German measles) 2. Eastern equine encephalitis 3. Western equine encephalitis

Front 28

List of Retroviruses

Back 28

1. HIV 2. HTLV

Front 29

Medical importance of Coronavirus

Back 29

1. common cold 2. SARS

Front 30

Medical importance of Orthomyxovirus

Back 30

Influenza

Front 31

List of Paramyxoviruses

Back 31

PaRaMyxovirus: 1. Parainfluenza 2. RSV 3. Measles 4. Mumps

Front 32

Medical importance of Parainfluenza

Back 32

croup

Front 33

Medical importance of RSV

Back 33

Bronchiolitis in babies. Treat with Ribavirin.

Front 34

Medical importance of Rhabdoviruses

Back 34

Rabies

Front 35

Medical importance of Filoviruses

Back 35

Ebola or Marburg hemorrhagic fever, both are often fatal

Front 36

Medical importance of Arenaviruses

Back 36

1. LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis) 2. Meningitis (spread by mice)

Front 37

Medical importance of LCV

Back 37

lymphocytic choriomeningitis

Front 38

Medical importance of Hantavirus

Back 38

hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

Front 39

Medical importance of Bunyaviruses

Back 39

1. California encephalitis 2. Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers 3. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever 4. Hantavirus

Front 40

Characterize Picornaviruses

Back 40

1. 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins 2. All except Rhino and HAV can cause aseptic meningitis

Front 41

How many serotypes of Rhinovirus?

Back 41

100

Front 42

Mechanism of rotavirus diarrhea

Back 42

Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and water

Front 43

How many serotypes of Paramyxovirus?

Back 43

all viruses have 1 except parainfluenza which has 4

Front 44

Signs and symptoms of mumps

Back 44

1. Parotitis 2. Orchitis (inflammation of testes, can cause sterility especially after puberty) 3. Meningitis - Mnemonic: Mumps make your parotid glands and testes as big as POM-poms

Front 45

Signs and symptoms of measles

Back 45

1. Koplik spots (bluish-gray spots on buccal mucosa) diagnostic 2. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (child, many years after measles infection, slowly progressing) 3. Encephalitis 4. Giant cell pneumonia (in immunosuppressed) 5. 3 Cs: (Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis) 6. Head to toe rash lasting 6 days (slowly dripping bucket of paint)

Front 46

Antigens in influenza virus

Back 46

Hemaglutinin and Neuraminidase

Front 47

Difference between genetic drift and shift

Back 47

Drift: Minor changes based on random mutation - Shift: Reassortment of viral genome (such as when flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus) - Sudden Shift is more deadly than gradual Drift

Front 48

Treatment for influenza

Back 48

A only: Amantadine and rimantadine - A and B: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors) for both influenza A and B

Front 49

What are negri bodies?

Back 49

Characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons infected by rabies virus.

Front 50

What shape is the rabies capsid?

Back 50

Bullet shaped.

Front 51

Mechanism of rabies disease

Back 51

1. Animal bite 2. Virus travels to CNS in retrograde fashion up nerve axons 3. Incubates for weeks to 3 months

Front 52

What does rabies cause?

Back 52

Fatal enchephalitis with seizures and hydrophobia

Front 53

How is rabies acquired?

Back 53

US: Skunk, raccoon and bat bites - Abroad: Dog bites

Front 54

What is dengue fever?

Back 54

break-bone fever, caused by flaviviruses. A variant in Southeast Asia is hemorrhagic shock syndrome.

Front 55

How is yellow fever transmitted?

Back 55

Arbovirus, by Aedes mosquitos, from monkey or human reservoir

Front 56

Signs and symptoms of yellow fever

Back 56

1. High fever 2. Black vomitus 3. Jaundice 4. Councilman bodies in liver (nonspecific)