Microbiology- Chapters 1-3

Front 1

Microscopic

Back 1

Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope.

Front 2

Macroscopic

Back 2

Large enough to be perceived or examined by the unaided eye.

Front 3

Immunology

Back 3

the branch of biomedicine concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.

Front 4

Biotechnology

Back 4

The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes

Front 5

Eukaryotic

Back 5

A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus

Front 6

Host

Back 6

The animal or plant on which or in which another organism lives

Front 7

Nomenclature

Back 7

The procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of organisms listed in a taxonomic classification

Front 8

Epidemiolgy

Back 8

the scientific and medical study of the causes and transmission of disease within a population

Front 9

Prokaryotic

Back 9

An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Also called moneran.

Front 10

Parasite

Back 10

An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host

Front 11

Taxonomy

Back 11

The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships

Front 12

Matter

Back 12

Something that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

Front 13

Atom

Back 13

A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons

Front 14

Proton

Back 14

a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron

Front 15

Neutron

Back 15

an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus

Front 16

Electron

Back 16

an elementary particle with negative charge

Front 17

Element

Back 17

A substance composed of atoms having an identical number of protons in each nucleus. Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical means

Front 18

Compound

Back 18

A pure, macroscopically homogeneous substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions that cannot be separated by physical means

Front 19

Chemical bond

Back 19

Any of several forces or mechanisms, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal

Front 20

Covalent Bond

Back 20

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms

Front 21

Nonpolar

Back 21

consisting of molecules not having a dipole

Front 22

Polar

Back 22

Relating to or characterized by a dipole: a polar molecule. Ionizing when dissolved or fused: polar bonds or linkages

Front 23

Ionic bond

Back 23

a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion

Front 24

Ion

Back 24

An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons

Front 25

Cation

Back 25

An ion or group of ions having a positive charge and characteristically moving toward the negative electrode in electrolysis

Front 26

Anion

Back 26

A negatively charged ion, especially the ion that migrates to an anode in electrolysis

Front 27

Electrolyte

Back 27

A chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium

Front 28

Hydrogen bond

Back 28

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule

Front 29

Reactant

Back 29

A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the start of the reaction

Front 30

Product

Back 30

A substance resulting from a chemical reaction

Front 31

Product

Back 31

A substance resulting from a chemical reaction

Front 32

Decomposition

Back 32

Separation into constituents by chemical reaction

Front 33

Reaction

Back 33

A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances

Front 34

Solution

Back 34

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these

Front 35

Solute

Back 35

A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount

Front 36

Solvent

Back 36

Capable of dissolving another substance

Front 37

Molecule

Back 37

The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces

Front 38

Inoculum

Back 38

a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease.

Front 39

Medium/media-

Back 39

A surrounding environment in which something functions and thrives

Front 40

Pure culture

Back 40

a culture containing a growth of a single kind of organism free from other organisms

Front 41

Mixed culture

Back 41

a culture containing a growth of multiple organisms

Front 42

Culture

Back 42

The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium

Front 43

Fastidious

Back 43

having complex nutritional requirements <fastidious microorganisms> —used of bacteria that grow only in specially fortified artificial culture media

Front 44

Incubation

Back 44

The maintenance of controlled environmental conditions for the purpose of favoring the growth or development of microbial or tissue cultures

Front 45

Smear

Back 45

A sample, as of blood or bacterial cells, spread on a slide for microscopic examination or on the surface of a culture medium

Front 46

Field

Back 46

The usually circular area in which the image is rendered by the lens system of an optical instrument

Front 47

Colony

Back 47

A visible growth of microorganisms, usually in a solid or semisolid nutrient medium.

Front 48

Synthetic media

Back 48

chemically defined media with an exact formula content

Front 49

Complex media/nonsynthetic

Back 49

contains at least one ingredient which is not chmically definable

Front 50

Enriched media

Back 50

contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum or special growth factors

Front 51

Selective media

Back 51

A media that encourages specific microorganism growth

Front 52

Differential Media

Back 52

Grow several types of microorganisms and are designed to display visible differences among those organisms

Front 53

Who developed Microscopy and the Scientific method?

Back 53

Leeuwenhoek

Front 54

Who is the father of Immunology and developed the Theory of Biogenesis?

Back 54

Pasteur

Front 55

Semmelweis

Back 55

Handwashing prevents the spread of disease

Front 56

Lister

Back 56

Aseptic surgery

Front 57

Koch

Back 57

Pure culture techniques, Koch's Postulates

Front 58

linnaeus

Back 58

Taxonomy