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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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immunization is the process of |
inducing immunity |
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immunity is acquired ____ or _____ |
naturally: being exposed to it naturally artificially: vaccines |
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natural active |
exposure |
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natural passive |
breastfeeding |
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active immunity |
follows antigen exposure |
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antitoxin is |
antiserum that protects against a toxin |
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herd immunity |
when a large percentage of a population is immune to disease; infectious agent unable to spread due to insufficient susceptible hosts |
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attenuated vaccines |
elicits stronger immune response, but can sometimes cause disease |
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inactivated vaccines |
elicits weaker immune response, but cannot cause infections |
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toxoids |
toxins treated to destroy toxic part, retain antigenic epitopes |
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subunit vaccines |
consist of key protein antigens or antigenic fragments from pathogen |
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recombinant vaccines |
subunit vaccines produced by genetically engineered microorganisms |
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can test individual for unknown but suspected pathogen by |
binding known antibodies to identify the unknown pathogen |
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seronegative |
individual not yet exposed to antigen has no specific antibodies to that pathogen |
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seropositive |
individual has been exposed has produced specific antibodies to that pathogen |
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serology is the study of |
in vitro antibody-antigen interactions |
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serum |
fluid portion of blood after blood clots |
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plasma |
fluid portion of blood treated to prevent clotting |
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direct tests with antibodies |
identify unknown antigen or bacteria |
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indirect tests with antibodies |
detect specific antibody in patient's serum |
