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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clostridium sp. |
-Has endotoxins -Catalase = -Found in soil -Resistant to Colistin |
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Clostridium perfringens |
-Boxcar GS -Causes gas gangrene -**Double zone hemolysis -**Halo on EYA (Lecithin +) -**Reverse CAMP + (b/c of hemolysis) |
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Clostridium tetani |
-**Lollipop/drumstick GS (terminal spores) -Swarming morph -**Indole + -Causes contraction of all muscles "lockjaw" |
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Clostridium botulism |
-Get from food esp. homemade cans -neurotoxin -> paralysis -**Lipase + -**NOT normal flora -Babies get b/c they have no gut bacteria -IV drug users get from dirty needles -**POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM AGENT |
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Clostridium difficile |
-**Most common cause of antibiotic diarrhea -**Horse manure odor -Only significant when make Toxin A (enterotoxin) or Toxin B (cytotoxin) -**Fluro Chartreuse (yellow/green) |
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Clostridium septicum |
-"Medusa Head" colony (swarming) -**Indole = (how you differentiate from C. tetani) -Associated with colon cancer |
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Spore Forming Anaerobic Gram + Rods |
Clostridium |
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Non-spore Forming Anaerobic Gram + Rods |
-Actinomyces -Propionibacterium -Eggerthella/Eubacteria -Lactobacillus -Bifidobacterium |
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Actinomycese israelii |
-Long, thin rods (tree-like) -**White molar teeth colony -Catalase & Indole =, Nitrate red. + -Causes actinomyces -**Sulfur granules seen in abscess discharge |
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Propionibacterium acnes |
-Causitive agent of acne -Pleomorphic "chinese letters" -**Catalase & Indole + -Affinity for medical devices |
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Eggerthella/Eubacteria lenta |
-Coccobacillus in pairs/chains -**May fluro RED -Nitrate + -Associated with GI cancer |
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Lactobacillus |
-Long, thin- in chains -**Resistant to vancomyacin -Produce lactic acid- how keeps vagina acidic -Want in vagina |
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Bifidobacterium |
-Bifurcated ends "dog bone" -Clinically significant if from sterile site -Associated with dental carriers |
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Anaerobic Gram = Rods |
-Bacteroides -Fusobacterium -Fusiform **Most commonly isolated anaerobic w/ infection |
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Bacteroides fragilis |
-Largest part of normal GI flora -large, shiny, speckled colonies -**Black on BBE (presumptive ID) -**Catalase +, Bile + (b/c black on BBE) |
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Fusobacterium sp. |
-Long, thin fusiform GS -Resistant to vancomyacin -**Fluro Chartreuse (yellow/green) |
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Fusiform nuceatum |
-Tooth-pick like GS -Breadcrub, Ground glass, smooth colony -Catalase & Lipase =, Indole + -Vincient's angina -Trench mouth, bleeding gums w/ grey membrane |
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Fusiform necrophorum |
-**Grey-yellow colony (turns green w/ O2) -**Lipase + on EYA -**Indole & lipase + is presumptive ID -Lemierre's disease |
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Bile sensitive, Pigmented Gram = Rods |
-Prevotella & Porphyromonas -Tan-black colony on media w/ blood -Brick-red fluro -NOT stimulated by bile -Normal flora of mouth and upper resp.tract |
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Provotella melaninogenica |
-Requires vitamin K & hemin (Thioglocalate & Bruc. agars) -Causes periodontitis -Aspiration pneumonia -Produces beta-lactamase |
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Provotella intermedia |
-Normal oral & vag. flora -Indole & lipase + w/ pig - presum. ID -Produce beta-lacamase |
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Porphyromonas asacharolyticus |
-Sensitive to vancomycin -**Will NOT grow on LKV -Infections of oral cavity |
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Porphyromonas gingivalis |
-**Does NOT produce red fluoro -Primarily found in mouth |
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Anaerobic Gram + Cocci |
-Fineoldia -Peptostreptococcus -Peptoniphilus **Second most comm. isolated anaerobes -Resistant to colisin |
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Finegoldia magna |
-Most pathogenic -Large cocci -Small, grey/white colony @ 48 hrs. -Resistant to SPS -Skin and soft tissue infection -Human bite infection |
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Peptostreptococcus anaerobius |
-Enlarged cells- pairs & chains -** Sensitive to SPS -*SWEET odor -Infection of head, neck, brain & soft tissues |
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Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus |
-**MUSTY odor -R to SPS, **Indole +, Catalase = -Normal flora |
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Anaerobic Gram = Cocci |
Veillonella |
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Veillonella |
-Small, white colony -**RED fluoro on blood media -R to vancomycin -**Reduces nitrates |
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Spirochetes |
-Borrelia -Leptospira -Treponema |
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Borrelia |
-Relapsing Fever -Infections by Tick and body louse ( B. recurrentis) -Modifys surface proteins |
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Borrelia burgdorferi |
-**Lyme disease -From tick attached > 48 hrs. -3 stages (ring-like rash, dissemination, chronic) -Culture on BSK media in the dark, microaerob ~12 wks. -Serology best to dx (IgM then IgG) |
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Leptospira interrogans |
-**Causes leptospirosis -Shed in urine- then enters skin -Incubation ~ 2 wks. -Involves kidneys, liver or CNS -TIght spirals- can look like cocci chain -**Hooked ends NOT tapered -Examine by darkfield |
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Treponema |
T pall. pall. Syphilis T pall. pert. Yaws (resembles syphilis) T pall. endem. Endemic syphylis (Bejel) T carateum pinta (lesions are hypopig.) **CANNOT grow in culture -Use darkfield, use serology to confirm. |
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Treponema pallidum pallidum |
-gotten by direct contact -1* chancre develp then heals 3-8 wks later -2* skin rash 4-10 wks later, systemic involvement -Latent serolog. active but no symptoms, mom-baby -Tert. or late stage not contageous 1-3 later "gummas" ***RPR screening test, FLA-ABS confirm. test** |
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Mycobacterium |
-Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) -Runyon Gr I Photochroms- color in the light only -Runyon Gr II Scotoch. pig either way -Runyon Gr III Nonpig. no pig either way -Runyon Gr IV "Rapid" growers w/in 7 days |
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Tuberulosis |
-**Rough and buff colony -Niacin/nitrate/cat-68 (+/+/=) -Transm. via resp. droplets -mycobact. eaten by macroph.- lives in them -Treatment 9 mo. of multi drug therapy |
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M. tuberulosis complex |
-M. TB -M. bovis -M.africans -M. microti -M. canetti |
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M. bovis |
-Primarily in cattle -similar symptoms to TB -**Resistant to Pyrazinamide |
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M. avium-intracell. complex |
-Found in environment
-Comm. in swine and poultry -Caus. lymphadenophathy in healthy kids -Resembles TB |
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M. leprae |
-**CANNOT culture/ grow in vitro -Causes Hansen's disease or leprosy -Still in S USA- Armadillos reservoir -2 forms: Tuberculoid: only a few lesions, spont. recovery, few AFB seen from lesions Lepromatous: lots of lesions, PNS damage is less, lot of AFB per lesion |
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Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma |
-Very small -Require cholesterol & fatty acids to grow -No perm. cell wall -**Don't gram stain -Prim. mucos. associated pathogen -Transmission: direct contact, vert, respiratory aerosols/foamites, nosocom. |
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Mycoplasma pneumonia |
-**Walking pneumonia -Bact have special tip to attach -Mostly (90%) asymptomatic -NOT part of normal flora -**Spherical, granular, yellow colonies -Usually dx by serological/molec. -**Glucose + |
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Mycoplasma hominis |
-Infections of urogen. tract -IS normal flora -Can vary surface ag. -Opportunistic pathogens -**"Fried-egg" appearance -**Arginine + |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum |
-Infection. of urogenital tract -Normal flora in women -Can infect fetus -**Vary surface ag -** IgA protease -**"Birds nest" appearance -**Urease + |
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Mycoplasma genitalium |
-Can be an intracell. org. -Ass. with PID and non-GC urethritis |
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Mycoplasma fermentans |
-AIDS related mycoplasma |
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Obligate Intracellulars |
-Chlamydia -Chlamydiphilia -Rickettsia **Cannot grow outside living host cell -Most cannot be visualized using light microscope |
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Family Chlamydiaceae |
-Pleomorphic "GN" like cell walls -Infected cells have intracytoplasmic inclusions around the nucleus -Elementary Bodies (EB)- eaten by macrophage-becomes reticulate body(RB)- RB is metabolic active-divide by binary fission- back to EB- host cell lyses and releases EB to infect other cells |
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Chlamydia trachomatis |
-Trachoma &Lymphogran. venereum -T A-C: blindness -T D-K: Neonate get vertical -Nongonoccal urethritis **Most common bact. STD -L1-3: STD, pretty invasive -**Want "dirty" catch |
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Chlamydophilia psittaci |
-Causes psittacosis/ Parrot Fever -Aerosols from bird feces infect -Usually due to work exposure -Dx: history and serology |
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Chlamydophilia pneumoniae |
-Acute resp.ilness -**NO animal reservoir -Linked to atherosclerosis -Dx: culture in HEp-2 cell lines |
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Family Rickettsia |
-Requires host cells for reproduction -Culture in tissues ( chicken embryos) -Most are zoonotic -Most are transmitted by arthropod vectors |
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Rickettsia, Coxiella & Orientia |
-Enter endothelial cells then go to blood where they multiply -Damage is from lesions in vascular system |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
-Caused by R. rickettsii -Trans. by Dermacentor tick -FATAL -Sensitive to tetracycline -Hospitalization usually required |
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Typhus |
-**Epidemic: R. prowazekii -Transitted by body louse -Feces in scratches -commmon in poor communities -**Endemic: R. typhi -Trans. by fleas -Easily teatable -Death is rare |
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Coxiella burnettii |
-Causes Q (query) fever -Highly contagious -Found in sheep and cattle -**POTENTIAL BIOTERRISM AGENT |
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Orientia |
-Scrub typhus -Vector is the chigger, reservoir is the rat -Symptoms similar to Rickett. |
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Ehrlichia & Anaplasma |
-In wild & domestic dogs -Causes ehrlichiosis -Enter WBCs and develop morulae |
