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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the epidermis? |
The outermost protective shield of the body composed of epithelial cells. |
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What is the dermis? |
The tough, leathery layer underneath the epidermis made up of mostly dense connective tissue. |
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What is the function of the hypodermis? |
Stores fat, and anchors the skin to the underlying structures. |
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What is the hypodermis? |
The subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin composed of mostly adipose tissue. Also called the superficial fascia. |
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What is a keratinocyte and their function? |
A keratin cell - produces keratin Provides the water-resistant and protective properties of skin. |
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What is keratin? |
A fibrous protein that give the epidermis its protective properties |
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What are melanocytes and what is their function? |
The spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin. It forms a pigment "shield" that protects the nucleus from UV rays. |
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What are dendritic cells? |
Star-shaped cells that are key activators of our immune system. |
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What are tactile (Merkel) cells? |
Spiky cells associated with a sensory nerve ending that functions as sensory receptor for touch |
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Name the 2 layers of the dermis. |
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What is the papillary layer? |
Areolar connective tissue, just deep to the stratum basale, highly vascularized. |
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What are the dermal papillae? |
Peglike projections from the surface of the papillary layer. |
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What are friction ridges? |
Skin ridges that enhance grip and contribute to our sense of touch. |
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What is the reticular layer? |
Coarse, dense irregular connective tissue, about 80% the thickness of the dermis, just deep to the papillary layer. |
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What are cleavage (tension) lines? |
Separations (or less dense regions) between collagen bundles form these lines. |
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What is carotene? |
A yellow to orange pigment that tends to accumulate in the skin and in fatty tissue of the hypodermis. |
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What layer of epidermis has stem cells? |
Basal layer.
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What percent of dermis is the reticular layer? |
80% |
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What causes tension lines in the dermis? |
Collagen fibers that run parallel to the skin surface. |
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What is the uppermost layer in this image? |
Epidermis. |
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What is the second pointer pointing to? |
Papillary layer. |
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What is the bottom pointer pointing to? |
Reticular layer. |
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Identify. |
Epidermis |
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Identify. |
Reticular layer of the dermis. |
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Identify. |
Hypodermis. |
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Identify nervous structures. |
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Identify. |
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Name the skin appendages. |
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Identify. |
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Identify. |
Hair shaft. |
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What causes redness or erythema? |
Embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy. |
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What causes pallor or blanching? |
Emotional stress, anemia, or low blood pressure. |
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What causes jaundice or yellow cast? |
Liver disorder in which yellow bile pigments accumulate in the blood and are deposited in the body tissues. |
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What causes bronzing? |
A sign of Addison's disease, or pituitary gland is inappropriately secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone. |
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What causes black and blue marks, or bruising? |
Hematoma under the skin. |
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What gland produces ear wax? |
Ceruminous glands. |
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What is the function of ear wax? |
Deters insects and blocks entry of foreign material. |
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Which corpuscles detect light touch? |
tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles. |
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What are the metabolic functions of skin? |
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What corpuscles detect deep pressure? |
Lamellar corpuscles |
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What are the three types of skin cancer? |
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Which type of skin cancer is most aggressive? |
Melanoma. |
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How do you describe degrees of burns? |
First Degree - only epidermis is damaged Second Degree - epidermis and upper region of the dermis is damaged Third Degree - full-thickness burns - The entire thickness of the skin is damaged or destroyed |
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How do you estimate the extent of burns? |
Use the Rule Of Nines, where the body is divided into 11 sections, each section representing 9% of the body. Perineum represents 1%. |
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What is the first thing that has to be taken care of when you have a serious burn victim? |
Replacing lost fluid by IV. |