Linux Built In Commands

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1) :

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Expands listed arguments and redirects as specified

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.

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Reads and executes commands from a designated file in the current shell.

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Alias

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Defines an alias for the specified

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Bg

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Resumes a job in background mode

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Bind

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Binds a keyboard sequence to a read line function or marco

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readonly

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Reads one line of data from STDIN, and assigns it to a variable that can't be changed.

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return

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Forces a function to exit with a value that can be retrieved by the calling script.

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Set

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sets and displays environment variable values and shell arributes

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Shift

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Rotates positional parameters down one position

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Source

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Reads and executes commands from a designated file in the current shell.

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Suspend

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Suspends the execution of the shell until a SIGCONT signal is received.

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Test

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Returns an exit status of o or t based on the specified condition.

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times

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Displays the accumulated user and system shell times.

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trap

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Executes the specified command if the specified system signal is received.

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type

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Displays how the specified word would be interpreted if used as a command.

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typeset

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Declares a variable or variable type.

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ulimit

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Sets a limit on the specified resource for system user.

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umask

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Sets default permissions for newly created files and directories

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unalias

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Removes the specified alias

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unset

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Removes the specified environment variable or shell attribute.

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wait

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Waits for the specified process to complete and return the exit status

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Looking at common bash commands

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In

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break

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Exits from a for, while, select,or until loop

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builtin

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Executes the specified shell built in command.

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caller

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Returns the context of any active subroutine call

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cd

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Changes the current directory to the specified directory

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Command

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Description

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Filesystem Management

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Unlike some other operating system the Linux kernel can support different types of filesystems to read and write data to and from hard drives.

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Ext

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Linux extended filesystem - the original Linux filesystem.

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Ext2

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Second extended filesystem, provided advanced featuoverextended. ext.

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Ext3

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Third extended filesystem, support Journaling

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Ext4

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Fourth extended filesystem supports advanced Journaling.

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bpfs

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OS/2 hiigh performance filesystem

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jfs

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IBM'S Journaling filesystem

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iso966o

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ISO 9660 filesystem ( CD - ROMs)

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minix

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MINIX filesystem

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misdos

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Microsoft FAT16

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ncp

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Netware filesystem

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nfs

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Network File system

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ntfs

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Support for Microsoft NT filesystem

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proc

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Access to system information

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ReiserFS

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Advanced Linux filesystem for better performance and disk recovery.

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Smb

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Samba SMB filesystem for network access.

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sysv

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Older Unix filesystem

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ufs

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BSD filesystem

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umsdos

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Unix - like filesystem that resides on top of misdos

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vfat

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Window 95 filesystem ( FAT32 )

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XFS

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High performance 64 - 64 bit Journaling filesystem

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(VFS) Virual File System

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This provides a standard interface for the kernel to communicate with any type of filesystem.

VFS caches information in memory as each filesystem is mounted and used.

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The GNU Utilities

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Besides having a kernel to control hardware devices, a computer operating system needs utilities to perform Standard functions, such as controlling files and programs.

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(OSS) open source software

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The utilities were developed under a software philosophy called open source software.

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The Shell

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The GNU/Linux shell is a special interactive utility. It provides a way for users to start programs, manage files on the filesystem, and manage processes running on the Linux system.

Shell description

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ash

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A simple, lightweight shell that runs in low memory environments but has full compatibility with the bash shell.

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korn

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A programming shell compatible with the Bourne shell but supporting advanced programming features like associative arrays and floating point arithmetic.

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tcsh

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A shell that incorporates elements from the C programming language into shell script.

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zsh

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An advanced shell that incorporates features from bash, tcsh,and korn, providing advanced programming features, shared history files, and themed prompts.

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The X window System

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Two basic elements control your video environment: the video card in your PC and your monitor. To display fancy graphics on your computer, the Linux software needs to know how to talk to both of them. The x window software is the core element in the core element in presenting graphics.

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KDE

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The K Desktop Environment (KDE) was first released in 1996 as an open source project to produce a graphical desktop similar to the Microsoft windows environment. The KDE desktop incorporate all the features you are probably familiar with if you are a windows user.

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Device Files

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There are three classification of device file

Character, Block, Network