Lecture 5 - Cartilage And Bone

Front 1

what are the __ types of connective tissue

Back 1

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood

Front 2

what are the __ types of cartilage

Back 2

hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

Front 3

what are the characteristics of hyalin cartilage

Back 3

flexible but resilient

Front 4

where is hyalin cartilage found

Back 4

respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchi)
costal cartilage
nose
articular cartilage
epyphyseal plate
fetal skeleton

Front 5

what are teh characteristics of fibrocartilage

Back 5

contains thick collagen fibers
shock absorber

Front 6

where is fibrocartilage found

Back 6

interverterbral discs
menisci
pubic symphisis

Front 7

what are teh characteristics of elastic cartilage

Back 7

contains elastic fibers
provide flexibility

Front 8

where is elastic cartilage found

Back 8

epiglottis
auricle of the ear

Front 9

where is cartilage

Back 9

Front 10

what is the structure of cartilage

Back 10

chondroblasts
chondrocytes
extracellular matrix
perichondrium

Front 11

what are chondroblasts

Back 11

cells that produce cartilage matrix

Front 12

what are chondrocytes

Back 12

mature cartilage cells that reside in lacunae

Front 13

what is the extracellular matrix

Back 13

protein fibers embedded in agel like ground substance

Front 14

what is perichondrium

Back 14

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 15

what are the charactiristcs of general cartilage

Back 15

semirigid, weaker than bone
flexible and resilient due to elastic fibers and water content
avascular
receives nutrient supply through diffusion

Front 16

what are the functions of cartilage

Back 16

support soft tissues
articulare surfaces fro joints
provide a model for endochondral bone formation

Front 17

what are teh __ functions of bone

Back 17

4

support and protect
movement
hemopoiesis(hematopoiesis)
storage of minerals and energy reserves

Front 18

how does bone support and protect

Back 18

creates framework of body
protects vital organs from injury

Front 19

how does bone allow movement

Back 19

provide attachment sites for muscles

Front 20

what is hematopoiesis

Back 20

production of blood from red bone marrow

Front 21

how does bone provide storage of minerals and energy reserves

Back 21

calcium phosphate
yellow bone marrow

Front 22

what are teh __ classifications of bone structures

Back 22

4

long
short
flat
irregular

Front 23

what bones are classified as long bones

Back 23

Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals

Front 24

what bones are classified as short bones

Back 24

Carpals, tarsals, sesamoid bones (patella

Front 25

what bones are classified as flat bones

Back 25

Skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs

Front 26

what bones are classified as irregular bones

Back 26

Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxa, ethmoid, sphenoid

Front 27

what is the structure of long bones

Back 27

Compact bone
Spongy bone
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis (epiphyseal plate or line)
Articular cartilage
medullary cavity
endosteum
periosteum
perforating fibers
nutrient foramen

Front 28

what is contained in the medullary cavity

Back 28

contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in children

Front 29

what is the endosteum

Back 29

layer of ells lining the spongy bone and medullary cavity

Front 30

what is the periosteum

Back 30

dense irregular connective tissue outer covering of bone

Front 31

what are teh __ types of bone cells

Back 31

4
osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

Front 32

what is an osteoprogenitor cells

Back 32

bone stem cells

Front 33

what is an oseoblasts

Back 33

build bone by secreting osteoid

Front 34

what is and osteocyte

Back 34

mature bone cells tha maintain bone matrix

Front 35

what are osteoclasts

Back 35

cells that consume bone

Front 36

what are the characteristics of compact bone

Back 36

Also called cortical bone
Lined by the periosteum
Contains osteon

Front 37

what are the characteristics of spongy bone

Back 37

Also called cancellous or trabecular bone
Lined by endosteum
Often contains red bone marrow

Front 38

what makes up the structure of compact bone

Back 38

Osteon (Haversian system)
Central canal (Haversian canal)
Lamellae
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

Front 39

memorize

Back 39

Front 40

memorize

Back 40

Front 41

what is the structure of spongy bone

Back 41

Trabeculae
Crisscrossing bars and plates
Parallel lamellae
Osteocytes
within lacunae
Canaliculi

Front 42

memorize

Back 42

Front 43

what is intramembranous ossification

Back 43

bone growth within a membrane

Front 44

what bones are formed by intramembranous ossification

Back 44

flat bones of the skull
some facial bones,
mandible
clavicle

Front 45

memorize picture of intramembranous ossification

Back 45

Front 46

what is endochondral ossification

Back 46

bone growth within cartilage
turns fetal framework of hyalin cartilage into bone

Front 47

what bones are formed by endochondral ossification

Back 47

most bones

Front 48

process of endochondral ossification

Back 48

Front 49

what are the __ types of bone growth

Back 49

2

interstitial growhth (length)
epiphyseal plates
appositional growth (thickness)
occurs at periosteum and endosteum

Front 50

bone growth

Back 50

Front 51

what are the __ types of bone fractures

Back 51

4

simple
open or compound
stress
pathologic

Front 52

what is a simple fracture

Back 52

bone doesnet pierce the skin

Front 53

what is an open or compund fracture

Back 53

bone pierces the skin

Front 54

what is a stress fracture

Back 54

think break from repetitive loads

Front 55

what is a pathologic fracture

Back 55

disease weakens bones

Front 56

what are the steps of fracture repair

Back 56

fracture hematoma
fibrocartilage (soft) callus forms
boney (hard) callus forms
bone remodeled

Front 57

fracture repair photo

Back 57

Front 58

what are the characteristics and cause of osteomalacia

Back 58

called rickets in children
soft bones
bowed legs

vitamin d deficieny
calcium deficiency

Front 59

what are teh characteristics of osteoporosis

Back 59

excessive bone resorption
among aged and post menopausal

Front 60

what are the characteristics of osteitis deformans

Back 60

also called paget's disease

excessive oseteoclast and osteoblaxt function
bone is unstable and immature
most common in os coxa, skull, vertebrae, femur and tibia