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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the __ types of Fluid in the body and where can they be found? |
3
Plasma - Blood vessels Interstitial Fluid - in between cells Lymph - Lymph vessels |
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what are the __ components of the Lymphatic System
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3
Lymphatic vessels lymphatic organs Lymphatic cells |
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What are the __ functions of the Lymphatic system
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4 |
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what is the flow of lymph
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capillaries-vessels-nodes-trunks-ducts-circulation
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t/f lymph capillaries are closed ended
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t
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t/f lymph fluid can move both directions in the capillaries
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false
cells overlap to make one way flaps |
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lymph capillaries occur everywhere blood capillaries occur except.....
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red bone marrow, CNS, avascular tissues
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what are lacteals
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Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine
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what is the function of lacteals
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Pick up interstitial fluid, dietary lipids, and lipid-soluble vitamins |
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lymph inside the Gi tract/lacteals is called
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chyle
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where do lymphatic vessels receive lymph from
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lymphatic capillaries
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how do lymphatic vessels prevent back flow in their low pressure system
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valves
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t/f lymphatic vessels are like veins in that they have three tunics
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t
intima media externa |
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t/f afferent vessels flow away from the lymph nodes
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f
towards |
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t/f efferent vessels flow away from the lymph nodes
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t
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what are the anatomical structures of a lymph node
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afferent and efferetn vessels
cortex and medulla macophages, denderitic cells and lymphocytes |
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what are the function of a lymph node
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Screen lymph for foreign antigens
Initiate immune response |
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what are the location of the lymph nodes
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axillary
inguinal cervical scattered though out body |
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what is the function of the lymphatic ducts
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return lymph to cardiovascular system
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where do the lymphatic ducts return lymph to the cardiovascular system
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at the junction of the subclavian veins and the internal jugular veins on either side
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what area of the body is drained by the lymphatic duct
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upper right quadrant
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what are of the body is drained by the thoracic duct
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everything except upper right quadrant
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what is lymphedema
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Edema due to lymph node obstruction
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what are some causes of lymphedema
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worms lodge in lymph nodes
surgical removal of nodes malignant tumors of nodes |
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what is elephantiasis
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extreme case of lymphedema
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where is lymphedema commonly found in the world
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southeast asia and africa
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is lymphedema curable or operable
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no
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what is the difference between the structures of lymphatic nodules and lymphatic organs
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nodules are not surround by connective tissue
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what is contained within lymphatic nodules
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macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphovytes
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what is the function of a lymphatic nodule
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screen for and attack foreign antigens
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where are the lymphatic nodules located
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tonsils
-pharyngeal -palatine -lingual mucosa associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) -gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital and urinary tracts |
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tonsils protect the ______ from infection
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Pharynx
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what are the symptoms of tonsillitis
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fever
chills sore throat difficulty swallowing |
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tonsillectomies are only advised if the person has had
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6-7 infections in one year
or 2-3 infections per year for several years |
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what are contained within the lymphatic organs
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macrophages,
dendritic cells lymphocytes |
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what is the only difference between lymphatic nodules and lymphatic organs
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organs are surrounded by connective tissue
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what are the lymphatic organs
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lymph nodes
thymus spleen |
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what is the function of the thymus
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site for t-lymphocyte maturation
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large in infants and young children, shrinks after.....
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puberty
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the cortex of the thymus contains_______ t-cells
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immature
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the medulla of the thymus contains ________ t-cells
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mature
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what is the largest lymphatic organ`
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spleen
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where is the spleen located
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upper left quadrant of abdomen
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what is contained within the white pulp of the spleen
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lymphocytes and macrophages
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what si the function of the white pulp of the spleen
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monitors blood for feoren antigens initiates an immune response when antigens are found
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what is the function of the red pulp of the spleen
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blood reservoir
site for hemolysis removes debris from blood |
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what are the different types of lymphatic cells
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lymphocytes
macrophages and dendritic cells |
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what are the characteristics of lymphocytes
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Most abundant cell type
B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and Natural Killer cells Migrate through the lymphatic system searching for foreign antigens |
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what are the characteristics of macrophages and dendrite cells
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Phagocytosis of foreign substances
Antigen presentation to lymphocytes to initiate immune response |
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what are the different types of lymphocytes
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b-lymphocytes
t-lymphocytes natural killer celss |
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what are the two main types of t-lymphocytes
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helper t-cells CD4
cytotoxic t-cells CD8 |
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how do helper t-cells work
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Orchestrate an effective immune response by secreting cytokines (chemical signals that bind to and activate other immune system cells) |
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how do cytotoxic t-cells work
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Kill abnormal cells by secreting substances that break down the cell’s membrane
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what are the "other" types of t- cells
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memory t-cells
regulatory t-cells |
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what is the function of memory t-cells
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patro body after an attack
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what is the function of regulatory t-cells
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turn off immune response
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once activated b-lymphocytes dived and becoem
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plasma cells
memory b lymphocytes |
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plasma cells produce
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immunoglobulins (anibodies)
-antibodies bind to antigens, tagging them for destruction |
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what is the function of memory b lymphocytes
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patrol the body after an attack
easily activated if infected again |
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T/f NK cells can only respond to one type of antigen
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F
NK cells can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells |
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t/f b and t cells can only respond to a singe antigen
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t
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where are NK cells and b cells developed
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Red bone marrow
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what cell are b, t and NK cells derived from
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hemopoietic stem cells
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hemopoietic stem cells migrate to the _________ to mature into t-cells
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thymus
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lymphocyte table
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what is lymphoma
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cancer of the lymphatic cells
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lymphoma is often found as a
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swollen lymph node
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what are the characteristics of hodgkins lymphoma
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Presence of Reed-Sternberg cell
If caught early prognosis is good |
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is non-hodgkins lymphoma curable
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Variable prognosis, depending on the type
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why is HIV so troublesome
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tagets helper t-cells
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when does HIv become AIDS
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when helper t-cells count below 200 cells/mm3 |
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can AIDS be cured
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No
Drug cocktail can stop progression but it must be taken for life |
