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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What parts of the body are considered part of the CNS?
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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at 4 weeks how many and what portions of the embryonic brain have developed?
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3
Prosenchephalon( forebrain) MEsencephalon(midbrain) Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) |
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at 5 weeks how many and what portions of the embryonic brain have developed?
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5 add Picture
Telenchephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon myelencephalon |
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embryonic brain development chart
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what is the structure of the meninges?
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Connective tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Dura, arachnoid and pia maters |
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what is the function of the meninges
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Separate brain from skull
Enclose and protect blood vessels supplying brain Contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
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how are the meningal layers like a mattress
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dura mater top
arachnoid mater springs pia mater bottom |
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what are the two layers within the dura mater
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periosteal layer and meningeal layer
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what is the dural septa
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area in the sagitall plane where the periosteal and meningeal layers for the dura mater separate and form a cavity to drain fluids
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locate the __ brain ventricles
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1 lateral ventricles
2 third ventricle 3cerebral aqueduct 4 fourth ventricle |
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What is CSF
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cerebral spinal fluid
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where is CSF created
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choroid plexus
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where can CSF be found and what do it look like?
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Clear, colorless fluid
Circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid space surrounding the CNS |
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what are the functions of CSF
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Buoyancy
Protection (cushion) Environmental stability |
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what is Hydrochephalus
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to much CSF
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what are some of the causes of Hydrocephaly
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Obstruction of CSF flow
Overproduction of CSF Impaired drainage of CSF |
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what are the treatments for Hydrocephaly
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Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy |
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what is the function of the cerebrum
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Location of conscious thought processes and complex intellectual functions
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what separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
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corpus callosum
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what is the purpose of gyro and sulci
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increased surface area - more cortex
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what are the ___ lobes of the cerebrum and where are they located
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5
Frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe insula lobe |
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what is the function of the frontal lobe
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Decision making, personality, verbal communication, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles
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what is the function of the parietal lobe
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Sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, understanding speech
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what is the function of the temporal lobe
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: Auditory and olfactory experience
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what is the function of the occipital lobe
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vision
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what is the function of the insula lobe
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taste
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Homunculus
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what are the different types of cerebral gray matter and where are they
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in cerebral white matter what are the differences between _________,___________,and ___________ tracts
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association - same hemisphere
commisural - across hemispheres projection - out of brain |
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what is alzheimers disease
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Progressive degenerative disease of the brain (begins in the hippocampus)
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what are the symptoms of Alzheimers
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memory loss, depression and disorientation
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what is alzheimers thought to be caused by
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Neurofibrillary tangles
Beta-amyloid plaques loss of tracts |
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the diencephalon ends up being ______ in adults
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Thalamus, epithalumus, hypothalamus and 3rd ventricle
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the prosencephalon becomes ....(secondary brain vesicles)
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telencephalon
denecephalon |
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t/f mesencephalon does not change into a secondary brain vesicle
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t
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the primary brain vesicle Rhombencephalon becomes ____________ and _____________ secondary brain vesicles
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metencephalon
myelencephalon |
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telencephalon becomes.....
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cerebrum and lateral ventricles
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mesencephalon becomes.....
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midbrain( cerebral peduncles, corpora quadregemina)
cerebral aqueduct |
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metencephalon becomes....
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pons and cerebellum
anterior part of fourth ventricle |
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myelencephalon becomes.....
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medulla
posterior part of fourth ventricle |
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the epithalamus has __ portion. they are
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2
habenula pineal gland |
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what are the functions/characteristics of the thalamus
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Lies on either side of the third ventricle
Relay station for sensory and motor information entering the cerebrum Interthalamic adhesion (intermediate mass) |
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the hypothalamus has __ different parts. they are
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infundibulum
pituitary gland |
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what are the functions of the hypothalamus
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Functions:
B ehavior E ndocrine E motion T emperature control S leep/Wake cycles H unger/Thirst A utonomic control M emory |
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where is what in the brain
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what is another name for the white matter in the cerebellum
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arbor vitae
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the two cerebellar hemisphere are separated by the
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vermis
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how many lobes does the cerebellum have?
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4
anterior and posterior in both hemispheres |
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what are the functions of the cerebellum
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Fine-tunes, smoothens and coordinates muscle movements
Balance/equilibrium |
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what ___ parts of the brain make up the brain stem?
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3
midbrain pons medulla |
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what are the functions of the brainstem?
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Bidirectional passageway between cerebrum and spinal cord
Contains many autonomic and reflex centers essential for survival Point of attachment for cranial nerves |
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what are the functions of the medulla
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Cardiac center
Vasomotor center Respiratory center Reflexes Coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting etc |
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what is the limbic systtem
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“Emotional brain”
Involved in motivation, emotion and memory |
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what are the structures of the limbic system
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what are the __ different sections of the spinal cord
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5
Cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal |
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how many cervical nerves are there?
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8
nerves come out about vertebra until C7 which has a c nerve above and below it |
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how many thoracic nerves
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12 all come out from underneath thoracic vertebrae
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how many lumbar nerves
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5
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how many sacral nerves
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5
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how many coccygeal nerves
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1
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what is the conus medullaris
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the point where the spinal cord tapers and ends
usually around L1 or L2 |
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what is the caudal equina
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the "horse tail" of nerves that continue past the conus medulllaris
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the anatomy of the spinal cord
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