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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what parts of the body does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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what parts of the body does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?
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Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves Ganglia |
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what are the __ main branches of the nervous system?
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2
Sensory Motor |
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t/f the sensory nervous system contains receptors
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t
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is the sensory nervous system Afferent or Efferent
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Afferent
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what are the __ branches of the sensory nervous system
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2
Somatic Sensory Visceral Sensory |
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is the motor nervous system Afferent or Efferent
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Efferent
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which direction does Efferent Stimlation go?
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from CNS to Effector muscles
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which direction does Afferent stimulation go
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From receptors to CNS
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what is the function of the somatic sensory nervous system
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reciebes sensory information from skin, joints, skeletal muscles and special senses
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what is the function of the visceral sensory nervous system
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receives sensory information from the viscera ( internal organs)
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what are the __ branches of the motor nervous system
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2
Somatic motor Autonomic motor |
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what is the function of the somatic motor nervous sustem
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"voluntary" nervouse sustem innervates skeletal muscle
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what is the function of the autonomic motor system
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"involuntary" innervates cardiac muscle, smoot muscle and glands
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what is another name for Lou Gehrigs Disease?
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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what are the symptoms of ALS
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degeneration fo teh somatic motor system
artphied muscles cause breathing speaking and swallowing difficulties Most eventually die from asphyxiation - diaphragm |
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does and effective treatment or cure for ALS exist>
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NO
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what is the definition of cytology
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study of the structure of cells
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what is the definition of a nueron
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excitable cell that transoms nerve impulses
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definition of a glial cell
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Non-excitable cells that support and prtoec the nuerons
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do nuerons divide?
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No
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do glial cells divide
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yes - tumors
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what is the definition of the a Primary tumor
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tumor that forms in the CNS - Meninges (meningiomas) or glial cells (glioma) and moves outward
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what is the definition of a secondary tumor
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tumor forms in another site (lung, skin or breast) but spreads to the brain
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what are the __ portions of the neuron anatomy
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dendrites
cell body (soma) axon hillock axon synaptic knobs (axon terminals) myelin sheath Node of Ranvier (neruofibril node) |
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what are the characteristics of the neuron
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High metabolic rate( constant glucose and oxygen)
Longevity Non-mitotic |
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what are the __ structural classifications of neurons
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3
-Unipolar neurons (sensory neurons) -bipolar Neruons (special senses, uncommon) -Multipolar Neurons( most common, Motor neurons,interneurons |
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what are the __ functional classifications of neurons
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3
Sensory (afferent) neurons interneurons Motor (efferent) neurons |
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are cell bodies in the CNS found in the gray or white matter
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gray
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are the axons in the CNS found in the gray or white matter
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white
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where are the cell bodies of the PNS found
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Ganglia
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where are the axons of the PNS found
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nerves
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what parts of the brain are considered grey matter
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cortex
CNS nuclei |
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what parts of the brain ar considered white matter
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Commissure (connect himispheres)
tracts ( lead our of brain) |
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what are the __ types of glial cells in the CNS
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4
astrocyte oligodendrocyte microglial ependymal |
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what is the function of an astrocyte
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-control ionic einvironment
-induce formation of blood brain barrier |
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what is the function of an olgodendrocyte
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form myelin sheath in CNs
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what is the function of a microglial cell
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macrophages of CNs
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what is the function of ependymal cells
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line brain internal cavities( (ventricles)
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what are the __ types of glial cells in the PNS
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2
Satellite cell Schwann cell (Neurolemmocyte) |
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what is the purpose of satellite cells in the pns
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protecta dn regulat nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia
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what is the function of Schwann cells in the PNs
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Myelinates PNS axons
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what is the structure of the myelin sheath
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-oligodendrocytes in CNS and schwann cells in PNS
-white fatty coating -Nodes of Ranvier |
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what is the function of the myelin sheath
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-supports protects ans insulates axon
-increases speed of conduction |
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do oligodendrocytes insulate more than one axon>
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yes
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what are the characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis
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Patches of myelin in brain and spinal cord are destroyed
-autoimmune disease |
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how many people does MS affect
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1/1000
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what are the symptoms of MS
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blindness, weakness and numbness
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what are the layers of nerve coverings from superficial to deep
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epineurium - whole nerve
Perineurium - covers fascicle endomneurium - surrounds single axon and myelin sheath |
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what si the function of a neural synapse
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site and which neurons communicate with other neurons, muscles or glands
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what is the structure of the synapse
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-Presynaptic neuron containing vesicles with neurotransmitters
-synaptic cleft -postsynaptic neuron containing receptors |
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anencephaly?
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-Disorder at the cranial end of the neural tube
-Substantial or complete absence of a brain -Infants rarely live longer than a few hours following birth -Usually detected with prenatal ultrasound |
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Spina Bifida
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-Disorder at the caudal end of the neural tube
-Vertebral arch is not fully formed -May be mild (spina bifida occulta) or severe (spina bifida cystica) |
