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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abiotic factors |
Non living factors |
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Acquired variations |
Are not inherited but are learned or developed during life |
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Active immunity |
The production of a person's own antibodies in response to foreign antigens that enter the body |
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Active site |
The part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate |
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Active transport |
Energy (in the form of ATP) is used to move molecules, often against a concentration gradient, i.e. from low concentration to high concentration |
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Adaptation |
Any alteration that improves an organism's chance of survival and reproduction |
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Adhesion |
Occurs when different molecules stick together |
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Aerobic respiration |
The controlled release of energy from food using oxygen |
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alleles |
Different (or alternative) forms of the same gene |
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All or nothing law |
States that if the threshold is reached, an impulse is carried, but if the threshold is not reached, no impulse is carried. |
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Anabolic reactions |
Use energy to convert smaller molecules into larger molecules. |
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Anaerobic reactions |
The controlled release of energy from food without using oxygen |
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Antagonistic pair |
Two muscles that have opposite effects to each other |
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Antibiotics |
Chemicals produced by micro organisms that stop the growth of, or kill, other micro organisms without damaging human tissue |
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Antibody |
A protein produced by white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in response to specific antigen |
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Anticodon |
A sequence of three bases (a triplet) on tRNA that are complementary to a sequence of three bases on mRNA |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Composed of the limbs (arms and legs), the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, and the pelvic (hip) girdle. |
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Artificial active Immunity |
Occurs when a pathogen is medically introduced into the body |
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Artificial passive immunity |
Occurs when a person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism |
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Aseptic/ asepsis |
Means that measures are taken to exclude unwanted micro organisms |
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Asexual reproduction |
Involves only one parent |
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Axial skeleton |
Consists of the skull, spine ribs and sternum |
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Bacteriophage or phage |
A virus that infects bacteria |
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Balanced diet |
Contains all he necessary food types in the correct proportions |
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Batch culture |
The growth of cells in a sealed container (or bioreactor) over a short period of time and under ideal conditions until all the nutrients are used up |
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Biogenesis or continuity of life |
Living things arise from other living things of the same type |
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Biology |
The study of living things |
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Biomolecules |
Chemicals that are made inside a living thing |
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Bioprocessing |
The use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product |
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Bioreactor |
A vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product |
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Biosphere |
The part of the planet containing living organisms |
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Biotechnology |
The use of living things or their components (especially cells and enzymes) to manufacture useful products or to carry out useful reactions. |
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Biotic factors |
Living factors |
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Birth control |
Methods taken to limit the number of children that are born |
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Blastocyst or blastula |
A hollow ball of cells formed from a morula |
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Blood pressure |
The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels (mainly the arteries) |
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Bud |
A potential growth point that may develop into a shoot, a leaf or a flower |
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Bulb |
A modified bud |
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Cancer |
A group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control both the rate of mitosis and the number of time mitosis takes place |
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Carnivores |
Animals that feed mainly on animals. Examples are dogs, cats and ladybirds |
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Carpels |
The female parts of the flower |
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Catabolic reactions |
Release energy when a complex molecule is broken down to a simpler form |
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Catalyst |
A substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up in the reaction. |
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Cell continuity |
All cells develop from pre-existing cells |
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Cell cycle |
The changes that take place in a cell during the period between one cell division and the next |
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Cellular energy |
The energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules |
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Centromere |
The point at which the chromosomes are attached in a double-stranded chromosomes |
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Characteristics |
Traits or features that are inherited genetically |
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chemosynthesis |
The production of food using energy release from chemical reactions |
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Chemotropism |
A change in growth of a plant in response to chemicals |
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Chromatin |
the name given to chromosomes when they are elongated and not dividing |
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Chromosomes |
Coiled threads of dna ( which forms genes) and protein that become visible in the nucleus at cell division |
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Chromosome mutation |
A large change in the structure or number of one or more chromosomes |
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Classification |
Placing objects into groups based on similar characteristics |
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Climatic factors |
Refer to weather over a long period of time |
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Cloning |
The production of identical copies of the bacterium (containing the target gene) |
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Closed circulatory system |
Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels |
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Codon (or triplet) |
A sequence of three bases in DNA (or RNA) that acts as a code for an amino acid |
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Cohesion |
The sticking of similar molecules to each other |
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Community |
All the different populations in an area |
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Competition |
Occurs when organisms actively struggle for a resource that is in short supply |
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Conclusion |
A summary of the results of an experiment |
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Conservation |
The wise management of the existing natural resources in an ecosystem , in order to maintain a wide range of habitats and prevent the death and extinction of organisms |
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Consumers |
Organisms that take in food from another organism |
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Contest competition |
An active physical contest between two individual organisms |
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Continuous flow |
(Food processing) the growth of cells in an open container (or bioreactor), where nutrients are added and the end products are removed all the time at a rate that maintains the volume of liquid and the number of s |
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Contraception |
The deliberate prevention of fertilisation or pregnancy |
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Control |
Used to provide a comparison (or standard) against which the actual experiment can be judged |
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Copulation |
The act of sexual intercourse |
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Cotyledon |
A seed leaf |
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Cutting |
A portion of a plant that is removed from the parent and grown into a new independent plant |
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Cytoplasm |
The living material in a cell outside the nucleus |
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Data |
The measurements, observations or information gathered from experiments |
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Decomposers |
Organisms that feed on dead organic matter |
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Denatured enzyme |
One that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function |
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Denitrification |
The conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas |
