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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Detritus feeders |
Organisms that feed on small pieces of dead organic matter |
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Diastole |
When the heart chambers relax |
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Diffusion |
The spreading out of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
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Dihybrid cross |
Involves the study of two characteristics |
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Diploid cell |
One that has two sets of chromosomes, I.e. it has two of each type of chromosome in the nucleus |
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DNA profile/ a DNA or genetic fingerprint |
A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person, which can then be used to compare with the DNA profile of another person |
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Dominant |
The allele that prevents the recessive allele from being expressed |
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Dormancy |
A resting period when seeds undergo no growth and have reduced cell activity or metabolism |
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Double blind |
Both the investigator and the participant are unaware of the nature of the treatment the patient is receiving |
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Ecological niche (of an organism) |
The functional role it plays in the community |
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Ecology |
The study of the interactions between living things (organisms) and between organisms and their environment |
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Ecosystem |
A group of clearly distinguished organisms that interact with their environment as a unit |
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Ectotherms |
Gain or lose heat from or to their external environment |
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Edaphic factors |
Relate to soil |
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Ejaculation |
The release of semen from the penis |
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Endocrine gland |
A ductless gland that produces hormones, which are released directly into the bloodstream |
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Endospermic seed |
Contains some endosperm when fully formed |
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Endotherms |
Generate their own heat from metabolic reactions |
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Enzymes |
Proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction |
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Enzyme specificity |
Each enzyme will react with only one particular substance |
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Ethics |
Relates to whether conduct is right or wrong |
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Eukaryotic cell |
Have a nucleus and cell organelles, all of which are enclosed by membranes |
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Evolution |
The way in which living things change genetically to produce new forms of life over long periods of time |
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Excretion |
The removal of waste products of metabolism from the body |
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Exhalation |
Breathing out |
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Exocrine glands |
Release their product into ducts or tubes |
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Experiment |
A test for a hypothesis |
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Expression |
The formation of the product by the organism with the recombinant DNA |
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Facultative parasite |
Can get its food from a live or dead host |
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Fauna |
All the animals in an ecosystem |
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Fermentation |
Another name for anaerobic respiration |
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Fertilisation |
The union of the male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote |
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Filtration |
Water and small molecules pass (under high pressure) from the blood into the nephron |
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Flora |
All the plants in an ecosystem |
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Food chain (grazing food chain) |
A sequence of organisms in which each one is eaten by the next member in the chain |
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Food web |
Two or more interlinked food chains |
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Forensic medicine |
The way in which medical knowledge is used in legal situations |
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Fossil |
The remains of something that lived a long time ago (or some indication of something that lived a long time ago) |
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Frequency |
The chance of finding a named species with any one throw of a quadrat |
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Fruit |
A developed ovary |
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Gametes |
Haploid cells capable of fusion |
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Ganglion (plural is ganglia) |
A group of cell bodies located outside the CNS |
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Gene |
A section of DNA that contains the instructions for the formation of a protein |
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Gene expression |
The way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded and used to make a protein |
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Gene (or point) mutation |
A change in a single gene |
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General defence system |
Acts as a barrier to all pathogens attempting to gain entry to the human body |
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Genetic code |
The sequence of bases in DNA that provide the instruction for a cell (using RNA) to form a protein |
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Genetic engineering |
Testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or altered gene |
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Genotype |
The genetic make up of an organisms I.e. the genes that are present |
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Geotropism/ gravitropism |
The change in growth of a plant in response to gravity |
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Germination |
The regrowth of an embryo, after a period of dormancy, if the environmental conditions are suitable |
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Germ layers |
Basic layers of cells in the blastocyst from which all adult tissues and organs will form |
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Gestation |
The length of time spent in the uterus from fertilisation to birth |
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Glycolysis |
The conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
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Gonad |
An organ that produces sex cells in animals |
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Grafting |
The joining and uniting of part of one plant with a second plant |
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Growth inhibitor |
A chemical that causes a reduction in growth of plants |
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Growth plate |
The area between the epiphysis and the diaphyisis in a long bone within which bone growth occurs |
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Growth promoter |
A chemical that causes increased growth in plants |
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Growth regulator |
A chemical that controls the growth of a plant |
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Habitat |
The place where a plant or an animal lives (and is also the local area of study) |
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Haploid cell |
One that has one set of chromosomes, I.e. it has only one of each type of chromosome in the nucleus |
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Helper t cell |
Stimulate b cells and killer t cells |
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Herbaceous plants |
Do not contain wood (or lignin) |
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Herbivores |
Animals that feed mainly on plants. Examples are sheep cattle and rabbits |
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Hereditary |
The passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes |
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Heterotrophic (organism) |
One that takes in food made by other organisms |
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Heterozygous |
The alleles are different |
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Homeostasis |
The ability o an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
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Homologous pair |
Two chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes |
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Homozygous |
Two alleles that are identical |
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Hormone |
A chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body, where it has a specific effect |
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Hydrotropism |
A change in growth of a plant in response to water |
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Hypha |
A tube or filament in a fungus |
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Hypothesis |
An educated guess based on observations |
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Immobilised enzymes |
Are attached, or fixed, to each other, or to an inert material |
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Immunisation |
Occurs when we produce or are injected with antibodies against a pathogen |
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Immunity |
The ability to resist infection |
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Implantation |
The embedding of the fertilised egg into the lining of the uterus |
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Incomplete dominance |
Neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other. Both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype |
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Induced immunity |
The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies |
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Infertility |
The inability to produce offspring |
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Inhalation |
Breathing in |
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Inherited variations |
Are controlled by genes |
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Insemination |
The release of semen into the vagina, just outside the cervix |
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Interneuron/ intermediate relay/ association neuron |
Carries information between sensory and motor neurons |
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Internode |
The region on a stem between two nodes |
