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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) |
A blueprint for how living organisms are built, consisting of two long, twisted strands made up of nucleotides
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Gene
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A segment of DNA, coding for a protein which determines the trait/characteristic of an individual
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Chromosome
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A structure which carries many genes, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
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Variation
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The difference between individuals which is genetically inherited
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Trait
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The scientific word for a characteristic we inherit from our parents
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Sexual
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A type of reproduction that produces unique offspring
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Asexual
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A type of reproduction that produces identical offspring
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Offspring
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The scientific term for children or babies
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Mitosis
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The process that allows us to grow and repair cells, leaving no genetic variation
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Meiosis
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The process that creates sex cells
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Gonads
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The place where sex cells are made
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Gametes
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The scientific name for sex cells
eg. Sperm and Egg |
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Gametes
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Scientific name for sex cells
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Fertilisation
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The process of joining a sperm with an egg
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Zygote
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The name of the first cell created by fertilisation
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Diploid
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Two copies of every chromosome
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Mutation
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An error in the genetic coding that causes an alter in the base sequence of an organisms DNA, potentially altering the pairing of the amino acids leading to a different protein being formed which could be seen as an altered appearance (phenotype)
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Homologous
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Pairs of chromosomes that code for the same characteristic
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Phenotype
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Visible display of the allele
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Genotype
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The two alleles available in the individual
eg. HOMOZYGOUS or heterozygous |
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Dominant
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The allele that is always expressed when present
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Recessive
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The allele that is only expressed when no dominant allele is present (homozygous recessive)
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