Intro To Dh Exam 1

Front 1

Name a few purposes of a disclosing agent -

Back 1

- Allows patient to help locate biofilm

- Allows self-eval for patient

- Monitor oral hygiene over period of time

- Allow for scoring plaque indices

- Checks plaque removal after polishing

Front 2

Name a few properties of disclosing agents -

Back 2

- intense color

- durable in intensity

- non-irritating to the mucosa

- diffusible

- pre-filled swabs

- tablets for chewing

- some types possess astringent / antiseptic properties

Front 3

What are the 3 types of Common Disclosing agents?

Back 3

1. Erthyrosin

2. Fluorescein sodium

3. Two-Tone

Front 4

What is Erythrosin?

Back 4

red dye in tablet or liquid that stains soft tissues as well

Front 5

What is Fluroescein sodium?

Back 5

visible with UV light and more expensive but doesn't stain soft tissues

Front 6

What is Two-Tone?

Back 6

Red (new biofilm) and Blue (old biofilm)

Doesn't stain soft tissues

Front 7

Gingiva will stain red, so we must ______ ____ in order to displace the gingiva to see the deposits.

Back 7

blow air

Front 8

Grooves and ________ tooth surfaces will stain red and not remove an instrument.

Back 8

decalcified

Front 9

Since soft deposits stain shades of red, you will see that _________ will be a thin translucent light red, _________ will be a darker red, and ______ _______ will be a darker red also.

Back 9

1. Pellicle

2. Biofilm

3. Materia Alba

Front 10

What does PCR stand for?

Back 10

Plaque Control Record

Front 11

For PCR it includes 4-6 surfaces, what are they?

Back 11

facial, lingual, mesial, distal (can divide mesial and sital to make six)

Front 12

Describe how you find out the PCR -

Back 12

# of surfaces with biofilm x 100

# of teeth present x 4 or 6 surfaces = % of biofilm surfaces

Front 13

How do you score the PCR?

Back 13

0% - Ideal but impossible

< 10 % - Goal for periodontal therapy

Front 14

Example of PCR, 50 surfaces covered with biofilm x 100, 25 teeth present x 6 surfaces = 150, 500 divided by 150 = ??? of surfaces covered with biofilm.

Back 14

33 %

Front 15

The red dye will not stain teeth or crowns, but it WILL stain what? (list all)

Back 15

dentures, partials, clothing, floor, countertops, etc.

Front 16

What is a dental hygienist?

Back 16

licensed professional oral heath educator who uses preventive, therapeutic and educational methods for control of oral disease

Front 17

4 roles of DH?

Back 17

1. contribute knowledge / skills / experience

2. cooperative relationship with coworkers

3. develop office friendships

4. maintain professional behavior

Front 18

4 contributions of DH?

Back 18

1. data collection

2. data organization

3. prioritization of treatment

4. DH therapy

Front 19

What all does a clinician do?

Back 19

- oral health assessments

- examine head,neck, and oral regions for disease

- take x-rays

- oral cancer/blood screenings

- fillings/dressings

- remove sutures

Front 20

What all does a administrator/manager do?

Back 20

- consult dental product companies

- hold positions in education

- sell dental products/supplies

Front 21

What all does an educator do?

Back 21

- teach in DH schools

- present seminars

- write/edit educational materials

Front 22

What all does a researcher do?

Back 22

- write grant proposals

- develop research

- collect/analyze data

- research surveys

- write articles

Front 23

What all does consumer advocate do?

Back 23

- help consumer groups obtain access to care

- develop networking

- advise consumers on insurance policies, etc

Front 24

What all does a change agent do?

Back 24

- influence business

- advocate oral health programs

- lobbyist

- law consultants

Front 25

4 characteristics of profession?

Back 25

1. special education or preparation

2. identifiable membership

3. dedicated to service

4. promotion of knowledge in field

Front 26

What are the 5 fundamental principles?

Back 26

1. universality

2. complementarity

3. ethics

4. community

5. responsibility

Front 27

Universality?

Back 27

if one person judges an action to be right or wrong in a situation, others considering the same action/situation would make same judgement call

Front 28

Complementarity?

Back 28

basic human rights, act towards others in the same way you want to be treated.

Front 29

Ethics?

Back 29

standards of right/wrong that guide out behavior within society

Front 30

Community?

Back 30

bond b/t society in general, preserve natural resources.

Front 31

What are the 7 core values?

Back 31

1. individual autonomy and respect for human beings

2. confidentiality

3. societal trust

4. non-malfeasance

5. beneficence

6. justice and fairness

7. veracity

Front 32

4 organizational levels of ADHA

Back 32

1. National

2. District

3. Constituent (state)

4. Component (local)

Front 33

Father of DH -

Back 33

Dr. Alfred Fones

Front 34

Father of dental prophylaxis?

Back 34

Dr. smith

Front 35

Dr. Fones trained his neice, _________ __________ to scale and polish as a dental assistant.

Back 35

irene newman

Front 36

Which Dr started a DH school?

Back 36

dr. fones

Front 37

Who performed the first prophylaxis?

Back 37

irene newman

Front 38

For DH school, ___ women graduated in 1915 at bridgeport _______________

Back 38

1. 27

2. Connecticut

Front 39

3 soft deposits?

Back 39

1. materia alba

2. food debris

3. bacterial biofilm

Front 40

Examples of biofilm?

Back 40

- TSS from tampons

- kidneys stones

- endocarditis

Front 41

You have a __ X higher risk of death from CVD if perio is present

Back 41

2

Front 42

Edentulism (no teeth) you have __ X risk of dementia

Back 42

3

Front 43

Biofilms form on -

Back 43

human tissues (heart valves/wounds), medical/dental devices

Front 44

Why is biofilm difficult to remove?

Back 44

- immune response doesn't detect

- antibiotics don't work

- requires mechanical/surgical removal

Front 45

2 infections of biofilm?

Back 45

1. planktonic bacteria (acute)

2. biofilm bacteria (chronic)

Front 46

Which agents can kill microorganisms?

Back 46

chlorahexidine, triclosan and essential oils

Front 47

4 categories of oral disease and examples

Back 47

1. dental carries

2. periodontal disease (gingivitis, periodontitis)

3. acquired oral conditons (cancer)

4. hereditary disorders (cleft palate/lip)

Front 48

What is the composition of plaque biofilm?

Back 48

80 % water, 20% solids

Front 49

If biofilm is not removed within 24 hours, they use _________ to anchor themselves to the surface and then build a __________ to protect themselves.

Back 49

1. proteins

2. matrix

Front 50

4 stages of biofilm formation

Back 50

1. pellicle formation

2. bacteria multiply and form colonies

3. biofilm grows and matures

4. matrix forms

Front 51

Describe supragingival biofilm-

Back 51

biofilm above the gingival line, aerobic, normally gram +, coronal to gingival margin, mostly on gingival 1/3s and proximals

Front 52

Describe subgingival biofilm-

Back 52

biofilm below the gingival line, anaerobic, normally gram -, located b/t gingival margin and periodontal attachment w/ in sulcus,

Front 53

Where does bacteria/biofilm normally adhere to the surfaces of?

Back 53

crowded teeth, rough surfaces of teeth, overhanging restorations

Front 54

Name the normal body defense mechanisms-

Back 54

- healthy epithelial tissue

- keratinization of epithelium covering gingiva

- fluids from crevice

- saliva

- use of muscles during mastication

- systemic health

Front 55

Aerobic bacteria?

Back 55

requires oxygen

Front 56

Anaerobic bacteria?

Back 56

unable to survive in oxygen

Front 57

3 other oral biofilm surfaces?

Back 57

1. tongue

2. oral mucosa

3. oral appliances

Front 58

What does supragingival biofilm do?

Back 58

initiates and perpetuates gingivitis

Front 59

What is surgical model of care?

Back 59

- dentists treat clinical signs of infection, goal is to remove plaque, patients are recalled for examination, and failure is the patients fault.

Front 60

Medical model of care?

Back 60

- dentist attempts to eliminate the infection, failure is dentists fault

Front 61

4 locations of plaque deposits-

Back 61

1. coronal (interproximal)

2. cervical third (supragingival)

3. subgingival

4. pits and fissures

Front 62

3 distributions of plaque?

Back 62

1. occlusals

2. interproximals

3. gingival third

Front 63

4 ways of detection of biofilm?

Back 63

1. direct vision

2. disclosing

3. exploring

4. microscope

Front 64

What is Quantity?

Back 64

indices for scoring (plaque increases over time and becomes more rententive)

Front 65

What is Quality?

Back 65

phase-contrast microscope (plaque matures over time and becomes more pathological)

Front 66

2 types of bristles?

Back 66

1. Natural

2. Nylon

Front 67

Ranges of toothbrush design -

Back 67

head shape, head angulation, length, diameter, shank, and handle

Front 68

Describe Natural Bristles-

Back 68

hollow inside and can harbor bacteria, open ends, irregular ends that are abrasive, vary in size/shape, and are harder/stiffer

Front 69

Describe Nylon bristles-

Back 69

durable, easy to clean, dry out b/t uses, replace every 3 months, softer bristles (main brush to use)

Front 70

Factors in stiffness?

Back 70

- type of bristles

- filament diameter

- filament length

- # of bristles per tuft

Front 71

Which shape of bristle tips is LEAST abrasive?

Back 71

rounded tips

Front 72

Name a few different types of toothbrushes -

Back 72

- disposable

- toothpaste in bristles (wisps)

- travel

- chlorhexidine in bristles (kills bacteria in toothbrush)

- spongette

- denture brush (stiff)

Front 73

Name a few factors in the selection of bristle/toothbrush designs -

Back 73

oral health, toothbrushing method, clients age/dexterity, clients preference/special needs

Front 74

What ways can you disinfect a toothbrush?

Back 74

soak in listerine/scope, dishwasher, and air dry b/t uses

Front 75

When should you replace your toothbrush?

Back 75

when bristles are worn (3 MONTHS)

Front 76

Name the 5 toothbrushing techniques -

Back 76

1. Bass

2. Stillman

3. Charters

4. Fones

5. Collis

Front 77

Describe Bass technique and uses for -

Back 77

- cleans underneath gums (gingival margin / sulcus)

- pt's with recession, open interproximal areas, pockets, and abrasion

- need SOFT bristle brush for bass

Front 78

Which toothbrush technique do we us and recommend most often?

Back 78

BASS

Front 79

What is the purpose of bass toothbrushing?

Back 79

cleaning subgingivally and of gingival 3rd

Front 80

Modied technique =

Back 80

press and roll method

Front 81

Stillman technique?

Back 81

- good for massaging gingiva, removing plaque from cervical area/proximal surfaces

- can't be used with medium/hard brush

****Stillman is a Stimulator****

Front 82

In modified stillman technique, you place the bristles __________ on the gingiva and press slightly while rolling/vibrating brush over gingiva and teeth.

Back 82

apically (upside down on gingiva)

Front 83

What's the difference b/t stillman and bass technique?

Back 83

stillman = stimulation of gingiva

bass = sulcular cleaning

Front 84

Why do we massage the gingiva?

Back 84

for inflammation, kerantinize tissue, and to stimulate blood flow

Front 85

Kerantinized tissues protect from?

Back 85

biofilm

Front 86

Charters technique?

Back 86

- good for massaging/cleaning marginal and interdental gingiva

- good for braces / retainers

*** "Bass akwards" *** - aimed down and then jiggle-wiggle (press and roll up towards gingiva)

Front 87

Roll stroke is used for other techniques to brush the teeth EXCEPT -

Back 87

if pt wants to use a hard brush... then teach pt how to roll stroke

Front 88

Which method is combined with all methods to brush occlusals?

Back 88

horizontal

Front 89

Fones technique?

Back 89

- mostly for kids

- not good for vigorous brusher

- circular motion

Front 90

Collis technique?

Back 90

- simultaneously brushes all surfaces

- good for caretakers / handicapped

- special brush required

- bristles are made short in middle and long on the outside

Front 91

Which techniques are NOT recommended?

Back 91

- horizontal (back and forth ; cause recession)

- scrub (vigorous horizontal)

- vertical or "leonard" (up/down with teeth edge to edge & twig TB)

- Physiological (lowers/uppers)

Front 92

Forms of toothbrush trauma -

Back 92

- abrasion

- abfraction

- recession

- irritation

- bleeding

- apthous ulcers

Front 93

How do you get abfraction?

Back 93

from clenching teeth

Front 94

Recession is from?

Back 94

scrubbing too hard

Front 95

Apthous ulcers are from -

Back 95

if you slip a toothbrush head back in mouth

Front 96

Describe PICO model in evidence based dentistry -

Back 96

P = patient problem

I = intervention

C = comparison

O = outcome