Insulin And Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs, Moa, Clinical Use, Side Effects

Front 1

Which cells secrete insulin?

Back 1

beta cells in the pancreas

Front 2

Insulin is useful in the treatment of type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Back 2

both

Front 3

sulfonylureas are useful in the treatment type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Back 3

type 2 diabetes mellitus only

Front 4

Which insulin is taken right before meals because it has a rapid onset of action (15 min), peak effect (about 1 hour) and short duration of action (3-5 hr)? regular humulin R, NPH humulin N, insulin lispro, or insulin glargine

Back 4

insulin lispro

Front 5

Which insulin is taken to cover basal insulin requirements because it has a long duration of action (24 hours) and is essentially peakless? regular humulin R, NPH humulin N, insulin lispro, or insulin glargine

Back 5

insulin glargine

Front 6

How is NPH humulin N mainly used? to cover basal insulin requirements or taken before meals

Back 6

to cover basal insulin requirements

Front 7

how is regular humulin R mainly used? ? to cover basal insulin requirements or taken before meals

Back 7

taken just before meals

Front 8

Which form of insulin is used in an insulin pump? regular humulin R, NPH humulin N, insulin lispro, or insulin glargine

Back 8

insulin lispro

Front 9

What are some of the main symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Back 9

palpitations, tremor, sweating, confusion, drowsiness

Front 10

What effect will glucagon have on blood glucose levels in a diabetic?

Back 10

Raise blood glucose

Front 11

What is the MOA of action of glipizide in treating a type 2 diabetic?

Back 11

Binds to and shuts the ATP-sensitive K channel on beta cells to depolarize the cells, increasing intracellular Ca which causes insulin secretion

Front 12

Which drugs ‘mimic’ glucose stimulated insulin release from the beta cells? Acarbose Glyburide Metformin Pioglitazone Repaglinide

Back 12

glyburide and repaglinide

Front 13

Which drugs can cause hypoglcyemia? Acarbose, Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide

Back 13

Glyburide and Repaglinide

Front 14

Which drugs can cause weight gain? Acarbose, Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Exenatide, Sitagliptin, Pramlintide

Back 14

Glyburide, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide

Front 15

What are the main contributing factors in pioglitazone induced weight gain?

Back 15

fluid retention and edema, and increased adipocyte differentiation (small adipocyts to large adipocytes)

Front 16

Which of the following drugs should be taken with meals? Acarbose, Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide

Back 16

Acarbose, Metformin, Repaglinide

Front 17

What is the MOA of exenatide?

Back 17

GLP-1 analogue that increases glucose stimulated insulin release, decreases glucagon release, increases satiety, and delays gastric empyting

Front 18

What is the MOA of metformin in treating a type 2 diabetic

Back 18

decreases glucose release from the liver and increases insulin induced glucose uptake (hence decrease insulin resistance (so insulin works better))

Front 19

Which oral hypoglycemic drug can cause lactic acidosis?

Back 19

metformin

Front 20

Which oral hypoglycemic drug can cause cholestatic jaundice?

Back 20

sulfonylureas

Front 21

Which oral hypoglycemic drug can cause SIADH?

Back 21

Sulfonylureas

Front 22

What is the MOA of pioglitazone in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Back 22

activates PPAR gamma and increases insulin sensitivity (increase glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue and reduce liver gluconeogenesis)

Front 23

What is the MOA of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?

Back 23

inhibits digestion of disaccharides to glucose which will delay or impair glucose absorption

Front 24

which of the oral hypoglycemic drugs causes the most GI side effects (bloating, flatulence, diarrhea)?

Back 24

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Front 25

Why would you not want to use acarbose perioperatively?

Back 25

Because the patient is not eating and you should only take acarbose before you eat.

Front 26

Which oral hypoglycemic agent can cause an increase in fracture risk?

Back 26

Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

Front 27

Which drug has resticted used because of a potential increased risk of MI

Back 27

rosiglitazone

Front 28

what is the MOA of sitagliptin

Back 28

inhibits DPP-IV to increase half life of endogenous GLP-1

Front 29

What can cause severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis and Steven-Johnson syndrome? exenatide, sitagliptin or pramlintide

Back 29

sitagliptin

Front 30

What is the MOA of pramlintide

Back 30

works like amylin to increase satiety, reduce gastric emptying and inhibit glucagon release

Front 31

Which oral diabetes drug is contraindicated in NYHA Class III and IV heart failure?

Back 31

metformin

Front 32

Which oral diabetes drug is contraindicated in hypoxic situations?

Back 32

metformin