Hula's Pre-Ap Ch. 5 Biology Study Guide

Front 1

Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model

Back 1

The currently accepted representation of the plasma membrane containing small parts making a whole that move around (are fluid).

Front 2

Selective Permeability

Back 2

Only lets certain things through. (aka proteins)

Front 3

List the 8 functions of proteins in the cell membrane.

Back 3

-cell signaling

-signal pathways

-transport proteins

-enzymes

-attachment proteins

-receptor proteins

-junction proteins

-glycoproteins

Front 4

Diffusion is ALWAYS what kind of transport? Why?

Back 4

Passive transport, because it requires no energy/ goes with the concentration gradient.

Front 5

Osmosis (osmoregulation)

-diffusion of what?

-above answer always moves to what type of solution concentration?

Back 5

-H2O (water)

-hypertonic/higher solute conc.

Front 6

Why does water usually move to a higher solute concentration?

Back 6

Solute molecules are polar, thus the water attaches to them and follows them where ever they go.

Front 7

The 3 types of tonicity + definitions.

Back 7

Hypertonic- higher solute conc.

Hypotonic- lower solute conc.

Isotonic- equal conc.

Front 8

Facilitated Diffusion

-moves what?

-moves them to where?

-uses what? doesn't use what?

Back 8

-polar charged ions

-high to low concentration

-uses transport proteins, not ATP

Front 9

Aquaporin causes what?

Back 9

causes water to move through cells rapidly

Front 10

Active Transport

-needs what?

-to travel where?

Back 10

-ATP

-up the concentration gradient

Front 11

Describe the Sodium-Potassium Pump

Back 11

Attaches a phosphate group (from ATP) to the protein to cause it to change shape, moving the sodium out of the cell then taking in the Potassium, the phosphate group releases and thus the protein changes back to its usual shape and the Potassium is released in the cell.

Front 12

Cytosis

-the two types and their definitions

-why can't it just be diffusion?

Back 12

-Endocytosis moves in and Exocytosis moves out.

-The molecules are too large for diffusion.

Front 13

Describe the two types of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Back 13

Pinocytosis, moves in smaller molecules, often liquids. Phagocytosis moves in large cells, often food.

Front 14

Potential Energy

Back 14

stored energy

Front 15

Kinetic Energy

Back 15

energy in motion

Front 16

Thermal Energy

-describe it

-what is heat?

Back 16

-random kinetic energy

-thermal energy moving from one object to another

Front 17

Thermodynamics

Back 17

the study of energy transformations

Front 18

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Back 18

energy in universe is constant

Front 19

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Back 19

the disorder of all energy in the universe

Front 20

Cellular Respiration

Back 20

taking chemicals and making them into ATP

Front 21

Why don't reactions happen automatically since there is so much potential energy already?

Back 21

There must be activation energy.

Front 22

Enzymes

-cause what with energy?

Back 22

More energy is put off than put into a reaction.

Front 23

Cofactors

Back 23

bind to active site and functions in the catalyst; keeps from metabolism from being too quick

Front 24

Coenzyme

Back 24

basically an enzyme for the enzyme (think vitamins)

Front 25

Competitive Inhibitor

Back 25

attaches to active site to block the substrate

Front 26

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

Back 26

attaches at another part of the enzyme to change its shape and block the substrate