Ch. 7 Hula's Pre-Ap Biology Vocab

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autotroph

Back 1

An organism that makes its own food (often by photosynthesis), thereby sustaining itself without eating other organisms or their molecules. Plants, algae, and numerous bacteria are autotrophs.

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C3 plant

Back 2

A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.

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C4 plant

Back 3

A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.

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calvin cycle

Back 4

2nd of two stages of photosynthesis: a cyclic series of chem. reactions that occur in the stroma of a chloroplast, using the C in CO2 and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions to make the energy rich sugar mol. G3P

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CAM plants

Back 5

A plant that uses an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions in which Carbon Dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted to organic compounds, which release CO2 for the Calvin Cycle during the day, when stomata are closed

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carbon fixation

Back 6

the incorporation of C from the atmospheric CO2 into the C in organic mol.s

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chlorophyll

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A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions.

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electromagnetic spectrum

Back 8

The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.

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global climate change

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Increase in temperature and change in weather patterns all around the planet, due mostly to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels from the burning of fossil fuels. The increase in temperature, called global warming, is a major aspect of global climate change.

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greenhouse effect

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the warming of the Earth due to the accumulation of CO2 and certain other gases, which absorb infrared radiation and reradiate some of it back to Earth

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heterotrophs

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organism that cant make its own organic food mol.s and must obtain them by consuming other organisms

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light reactions

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1st step in photosynthesis; the steps in which solar energy is absorbed and converted to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen in the process

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mesophyll

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green tissue in the interior of a leaf; leaf's ground tissue system;main sight of photosynthesis

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NADP+

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enzyme that can accept e- during redox reactions in cellular respiration

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photoautotroph

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an organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from CO2 by photosynthesis

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photon

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a fixed quantity of light energy; the shorter the wavelength of light, the greater the energy of a photon.

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photophosphorylation

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the production of ATP by chemiosmosis during the light reactions of photosynthesis

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photorespiration

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A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot, dry days, when stomata close, o2 accumulates in the leaf and rubisco fixes o2 rather than CO2

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photosynthesis

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process by which plants, autotrophic protists and some bacteria use light nrg to to make sugar and other organic food mol. from CO2 and water(H2O)

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photosystem

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A light-capturing unit of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane consisting of a reaction-center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes.

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stomata (singular stoma)

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a microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf. When stomata are open, CO2 enters a leaf, and H2O and O2 exit. A plant conserves water when its stomata are closed.

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stroma

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the dense fluid within the chloroplast that surrounds the thylakoid membrane and is involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. Sugars are made in the stroma by the enzymes of the Calvin cycle

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thylakoids

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A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.

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wavelength

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The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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auto-

Back 25

self

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chloro-

Back 26

green

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-phyll

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leaf

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electro-

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electricity

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magnet-

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magnetic

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meso-

Back 30

middle

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photo-

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light

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-synthesis

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put together or combine

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thylaco-

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sac or pouch

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-troph

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food