Biology Pre-Ap Chapter 7

Front 1

The idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Back 1

Cell Theory

Front 2

Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life.

Back 2

Cell

Front 3

Organism whose cells contain nuclei.

Back 3

Eukaryote

Front 4

The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.

Back 4

Nucleus

Front 5

Material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus.

Back 5

Cytoplasm

Front 6

Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.

Back 6

Nuclear Envelope

Front 7

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.

Back 7

Chromatin

Front 8

single-celled organism lacking a nucleus.

Back 8

Prokaryote

Front 9

SPecialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.

Back 9

Organelle

Front 10

Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.

Back 10

Chromosome

Front 11

Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

Back 11

Diffusion

Front 12

The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume.

Back 12

Concentration

Front 13

Douuble-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes.

Back 13

Lipid Bilayer

Front 14

Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Back 14

Cell Wall

Front 15

Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Back 15

Cell Membrane

Front 16

Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein.

Back 16

Ribosome

Front 17

One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

Back 17

Centriole

Front 18

Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.

Back 18

Nucleolus

Front 19

Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.

Back 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 20

Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Back 20

Golgi Apparatus

Front 21

Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.

Back 21

Lysosome

Front 22

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Back 22

Vacuole

Front 23

Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

Back 23

Mitochondrion

Front 24

Organelle found in cells of plants and come other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

Back 24

Chloroplast

Front 25

Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.

Back 25

Cytoskeleton

Front 26

When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution.

Back 26

Equilibrium

Front 27

DIffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Back 27

Osmosis

Front 28

When the concentration of two solutions is the same.

Back 28

Isotonic

Front 29

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes.

Back 29

Hypertonic

Front 30

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes.

Back 30

Hypotonic

Front 31

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.

Back 31

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 32

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.

Back 32

Active Transport

Front 33

Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane.

Back 33

Endocytosis

Front 34

Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.

Back 34

Phagocytosis

Front 35

Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.

Back 35

Pinocytosis

Front 36

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material.

Back 36

Exocytosis