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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is recombinant DNA? |
Combined pieces of DNA from TWO OR MORE different sources. |
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What are the basic steps for cloning a specific gene? (Any variation will be accepted, as long as you get the gist of it.) |
1. plasmid isolated 2. DNA isolated 3. plasmid and DNA cut with enzyme to get the wanted gene 4. fragment and pieces are combined 5. DNA ligase attaches them with a stronger bond 7. taken up by bacteria through transformation 8. bacteria reproduces as per usual |
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What is a restriction enzyme? The restriction site? The restriction fragments? |
The restriction enzyme is the enzyme used to cut the DNA and plasmid in order to isolate the specific gene wanted. Restriction site is where the enzyme will cut and the restriction fragments are the pieces produced from this process. |
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Explain the steps of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and the purpose |
1. Heat up DNA to unzip it 2. put in enzymes to catalyze the production of new DNA 3. let the nucleotides attach themselves to the appropriate places 4. repeat as neccasary The purpose is to gain multiple copies of DNA from very few copies in order to run tests and profile them. |
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Explain the steps of gel electrophoresis and the purpose. |
1. using the tool with positive and negative ends (to attract the DNA fragments) 2. Put in the fragments made previously 3. Smaller ones will move farther down, larger ones will not. 4. Apply short tandem repeat (matching fragment lengths.) Purpose is to compare restriction fragment sizes (the DNA fingerprint) between organisms, usually for the purpose of solving a crime. |
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms and restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be used for what? |
Can serve as genetic markers for specific loci in DNA. |
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What are Genomic Libraries? |
A collection of cloned genes from certain DNA. (Stored in a plasmid or phage, the "book.") |
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How is reverse transcriptase useful to gene cloning? |
It causes introns to be removed from DNA, making it much simpler to clone. |
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Explain the steps of gene probing. |
1. heat is added to split the DNA 2. tagged complementary nucleic acid probes are inserted 3. it is cooled, and the probes attach to their target. 4. the target is identified |
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Why is genomics important? |
It can give a better understanding of the purpose of certain genes. |
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Why are some proteins made in mammalian cells instead of bacteria? Why can't they be made in bacteria? |
Bacteria does not have the Golgi Apparatus, and thus cannot process and modify the proteins fully. |
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What is the three stage process for sequencing a whole genome? |
1. combine the pedigree analyses to map the genetic markers 2. determine the number of base pairs between the markers 3. determine the nucleotide sequences using a solid copy |
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Explain in a basic way the Whole-Genome Shotgun method. |
The whole genome is chopped at once and them using a computer it is determined. |
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What are the issues with both the Three Stage Process and the Whole-Genome Shotgun method?
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Three Stage takes too long and Whole-Genome can have too many inaccuracies. A hybrid between the two may work though. |
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Have a great day. |
Do it. Don't fight me on this. Just. Do it. (Shia believes in you...) |
