History Of Psychology - Renaissance And Post Cartesian Science

Front 1

Glisson

Back 1

disproved Descartes hydraulic mechanical movement theory

Front 2

Newton

Back 2

white light is a mix of colors --> concerns on veracity of sensation/perception

Front 3

Harvey

Back 3

circulation of blood around the heart

Front 4

Leeuwenhock

Back 4

discover microscope - sperm, reductionist approach

Front 5

Pascal

Back 5

animals/humans = machines, humans rational, rationalist, doubt

Front 6

Gauss

Back 6

normal distribution of error in measurements --> Wundt lab

Front 7

Bell/Magendie

Back 7

seperate sensory and motor nerves

Front 8

Haller

Back 8

vis insista force in muscles

Front 9

Hall

Back 9

reflex action and localization of 4 kinds of movements (voluntary conscious, unconscious respiratory, involuntary, reflexive)

Front 10

Reymond

Back 10

expounded current of electrcity based on current of injury

Front 11

Muller

Back 11

Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, 5 types of sensory nerve, nativism, interference theory and memory drum

Front 12

Helmholtz

Back 12

drum chronograph, frog nerves, sensations converted to perceptions, apply principle of conservation of energy to living organism, perceiver transforms senses, Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision (trichromatic), active mind, radical-emprical, depth perception is habit

Front 13

Rolando

Back 13

localization of function (higher intellectual functions in cerebrum)

Front 14

Flourens

Back 14

localization of function by ablation, action commune/propre

Front 15

Broca

Back 15

clinical method observations, localization of speech area

Front 16

Fritsch & Hitzig

Back 16

electrical stimulation for localization

Front 17

Gall

Back 17

craniognomy, negative characteristics

Front 18

Sputzheim

Back 18

extension of Gall with positive elements, phrenology, formal discipline

Front 19

Purkinje

Back 19

protoplasm, Purkinje effect(blue fades last, red fades first)

Front 20

Aguilonius

Back 20

horopter

Front 21

Fourier

Back 21

analysis of hearing, complex tone broken into multiple sin waves

Front 22

B. Franklin

Back 22

color/achromatic after images, color blindness

Front 23

Hering

Back 23

proposed nativistic theory of hearing to counter Helmholtz

Front 24

Weber

Back 24

de Tactu sense of touch, Weber's law on 10/22/1850 - JND is constant proportion (difference in limen is relative, not absolute)

Front 25

Fechner

Back 25

humanist, inductive phenomenology, S = KlogR (perception is log function of stimulus), dual aspectism, arthimetic change in mental is geometric change physically

Front 26

Maskelyne

Back 26

fired Kinnebrook, below threshold cause unconscious reaction

Front 27

Kinnebrook

Back 27

fired from observatory b/c indiviudal differences

Front 28

Bessel

Back 28

personal equation for individual differences, --> Gaussian/normal curve

Front 29

Ladd-Franklin

Back 29

theory of color vision, achromatic evolve first then color (b/c prevelance lower with color), most highly developed part of eye is fovea,

Front 30

Ebbinghaus

Back 30

empiricist, associations while study learning and memory, first truly psychological experiment, percent recall is inverse function of time between learning and recall

Front 31

sensory-motor nerves

Back 31

Bell-Magendie (Galen originally), sensory input ot brain, motor to muscles

Front 32

vis insista

Back 32

Haller, inherent contractile force that produces movement of muscles, questioned need for spiritual mind as mover

Front 33

current of injury

Back 33

current of electricity along neuron, now called wave of negativity

Front 34

phrenology

Back 34

positive craniognomy, Spurtzheim

Front 35

faculties

Back 35

areas of brain responsible for specific tasks/intellect, Reid

Front 36

speed of nerve impulses

Back 36

Helmholtz - thinking not instantaneous

Front 37

action commune

Back 37

cerebrum function in unitary manner, whole brain works as unit, Flourens

Front 38

action proper

Back 38

Flourens, localization of function - cerebrum (intellect and will), cerebellum (coordination of movement), medula (life functions)

Front 39

equipotentiality

Back 39

all parts have equal potential to found with any task

Front 40

ablation

Back 40

extirpation of parts, used by Flourens

Front 41

electrical stimulation

Back 41

Fritsch & Hitzig - don't have to destroy brain to find localization of function

Front 42

Purkinje shift

Back 42

blue is last color to fade while red is the first, change in relative vividness

Front 43

horopter

Back 43

Aguilonius, shared visual feild of 2 eyes

Front 44

retinal disparity

Back 44

images on each retina are different, basis for depth perception and stereoscope

Front 45

personal equation

Back 45

Bessel - normal curve

Front 46

simple reaction

Back 46

stimulus response, only 1 aspect of task (vs. complicated with 2 aspects to task)

Front 47

complication

Back 47

what happend when add more stuff to brain (increased complication = increased RT), Kinnebrook problem

Front 48

unconscious inference

Back 48

Nativist say mind so fast that must be native, Helmholtz says perceptual habit, so automatic that is unconscious brain comparisons

Front 49

Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies

Back 49

Muller, localization of function, each nerve produced different signals to sensory system, nativist