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261 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the least important reason for studying history is to learn
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historical dates
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The least important reasons for Americans to study world history is that
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The United States imports large quantities of sugar and coffee
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prehistoric peoples had an advantage over animals in that humans had
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ability to think think and use their hands freely
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the first farmers have been traced back to...
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New Stone Age
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Homo sapiens, the biologic species that includes modern human beings, have been traced back so the...
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Old Stone Age
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the first metal weapons were made from...
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copper
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the beginning of the historic period corresponds to the beginning of the...
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copper and bronze age
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an archaeologist is a specialist in..
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studying remains of past civilizations
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a person living about 500 B.C. would consider his or her own times as...
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modern
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Egypt is said to be "the gift of the Nile" because the Nile...
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overflows each spring, fertilizing the lowlands
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The delta of the Nile River is located...
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in Lower Egypt
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The Egyptians were able to build the pyramids because they
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had many workers
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The pyramids of ancient Egypt were
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tombs
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The government of ancient Egypt was a
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dictatorship
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The ancient Egyptians worshipped
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many gods
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NOT a characteristic of farming in ancient Egypt was
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the use of artificial fertilizer
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A contribution of the ancient Egyptians to architecture was the
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column
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The Rosetta Stone was
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the key to translating hieroglyphics
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A major contribution of the ancient Egyptians was in the field of
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the calendar
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Egypt was a major power in the ancient world for about
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2,000 years
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The main rivers of Mesopotamia
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Tigris and Euphrates
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The chief building material used in the Fertile Crescent was
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clay brick
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The stylus was Middle Eastern implement used for
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writing
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A semetic language used today is
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Hebrew
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NOT an Indo-European language?
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Arabic
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The sumerians built ziggurats, which were
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religious shrines
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the Babylonians are credited with having
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possessed considerable legal and business ability
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the Babylonians studied astrology because they believed that
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the fate of human beings were determined by the starts
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the Hebrew kingdom had a perilous existence because it
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was situated between powerful rival states
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the Hebrew capital and site of the famed Hebrew temple was
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Jerusalem
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The ancient conquerers who treated the Hebrews most humanely were the
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Persians
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By predicting that nations "shall beat their swords into plowshares." the Hebrew prophet Isaiah was calling for
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an era of world peace
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Micah, the Hebrew prophet, extolled
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justice, mercy, and humility
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A Phoenician product particularly desired by monarchs was
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purple dye
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The Aramatic language spread through out the middle east because of Aramaen
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merchants
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the assyrain practice of appointing governors to rule separate provinces was adopted later by the
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persians
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the zend-avesta was the sacred book of the
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persians
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The Indian subcontinent is separated from the rest of Asia by the
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Himalayan Mountains
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Ancient invaders entered Ina from the Northwest because the
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Khyber Pass provided an invasion route
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Two ancient cities, where excavations have revealed much of India's early civilization were
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Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
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"No Behistun Rock has been found for the Indus River cities" means that these cities
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left writings that remain undeciphered
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the vedas were
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religious writings
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the period of disorder from the end of the maurya empire to the beginning of the bupta empire lasted approximately
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500 years
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the gupta period is sometimes called Indias "golden age" because its
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writers, artists, scientists, and mathematicians brought forth great achievements
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the brahmans, the highest hindu caste were mainly
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priests and scholars
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the caste system emphasized
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strict segregation
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reincarnation is the hindu belief that each person
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has a soul that will experience successive rebirths
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Gautama, the the-century B.C. philosopher, ,was called "buddha," meaning the
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enlightened teacher
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Hinduism and Buddism both agree that each person's life on earth
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has the ultimate goal of Nirvana
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Today Buddhist influence is least evident in
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India
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Kalidassa who lived in the 5th century A.D. was a great
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playwright
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One achievement in ancinet India not paralleled in ancient Greece was in
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developing a simplified way of writing numbers
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Ancient china, in it's natural boundaries and their effect upon China's civilization most closely resembles ancient
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Egypt
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China's topography consists chiefly of
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mountainous terrain
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Hsia, China's first dynasty, is legendary, meaning that
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it's existence has not been confirmed by archaeological evidence
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The firs emperor of hte Ch'in dynasty, shih Huang Ti, ordered the burning of books because he
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feared that knowledge of China's past would hamper his efforts to establish a centralized government
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While the Han Dynasty ruled in china, the Mediterranean world was dominated by
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Rome
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The philosopher Lao-tse taught that individuals could achieve happiness by
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accepting, with humility, their lot in life
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One might expect Lao-tse's attitude toward modern minimum wage laws to be
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indifference
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The chief purpose of the code of conduct Confucius formulated was to
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improve society and government
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Confucianism encouraged the Chinese people to
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respect traditional ways of doing things
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Confucianism encouraged a feeling of intense loyalty to the
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family
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What was NOT an achievement of ancient China?
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phoetic alphabet
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As seafaring merchants and transmitters of culture, the Cretans most closely resemble the
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Phoenicians
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In the nature of his work at Knossos, Sir Arthur Evans may be most closely compared to
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Schliemann
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Between 1500 and 1000 B.C., Crete, Greece, ,and many of the Aegean islands were invaded by the
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Hellenes
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A city-state was
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a city that performed all the functions of an independent nation
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A city-state in Greece that taught its boys absolute obedience to authority was
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Sparta
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Athenian democracy resembled American democracy in that
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jury trials were common
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Ostracism
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the athenian practice of banishing a citizen considered dangerous to the welfare of the state
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A similarity between Athens and Sparta was that both
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were city-states
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The Greek war against Persia (500-479)
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preserved the independence of the Greeks
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In the Peloponessian War
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aristocracy triumphed over democracy
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The intellectual center of Greece about 450 B.C. - the "school of Hellas" was
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Athens
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An achievement of ancient Greece was
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the development of philosophy
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A parthenon was
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a temple to Athena
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In what field did the Atheninas make the most lasting contributions to Western civilization?
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literature
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Alexandria, the famed Hellenistic city, was established in
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Egypt
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NOT a geographical feature of Greece
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numerous navigable rivers
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NOT a Greek bond of Union:
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loyalty to the central governmente
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NOT an Evidence of Athenian democracy:
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representative legislative body
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NOT a greek contribution to the theater
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elaborate scenery
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Field of Greek civilization that much of which has NOT survived
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painting
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Rome is situated on the
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Tiber River
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The aristocrats who controlled the Roman Senate in the days of the Republic were called
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patricians
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Most planets in our solar system are named after
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Roman gods and goddesses
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In gaining control of Italy, the Romans
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extended citizenship to the conquered peoples
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Carthage and Rome became bitter rivals because the Carhagians
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competed with Rome for trade int he Mediterranean
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As a result f its Mediterranean conquests, Rome
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experience growing dissatisfaction among its lower classes
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Roman politicians offered programs of "bread and circuses" mainly to
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gain the support of the unemployed
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Soon after the Punic Wars, the redistribution of land in Rome was urged by
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Tiberius Gracchs
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Caesar's great rival for supremacy in Rome was
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Pompey
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Who ruled Rome at the time of the birth of Jesus?
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Augustus Caesar
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French is known as a Roman language because it is
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based on Latin
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The Roman orator know as the "father of Latin prose" was
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Cicero
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a famous roman historian was
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Livy
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The great expansion of commerce in the Mediterranean area during the first two centuries A.D. is best explained by the
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maintenance of peace
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Roman law upheld the principle that
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forced confessions are not valid
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roman poet tha wrote the aeneid was
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vergil
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the least important factors explaining the downfall of Rome was the
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widespread use of slaves and military strength of the Germanic tribes
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What modern nations occupy areas that were once included in the Roman Empire?
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Spain and England
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Two outstanding contributions of rome to Western civilization were in
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engineering and law
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Historical evidence is subject to
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differing interpretations
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The "Dark Ages" in western Europe refers to the period
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following the collapse of the Roman Empire
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Results of the Germanic invasions of the Roman Empire
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raising the level of civilization
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In the Frankish Kingdom the Mayor of the Palace was usually the
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powerful noble who controlled the central government
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By the Donation of Pepin, the Catholic Church received
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land
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The Frankish leader who defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours
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Charles Martel
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Charlemagne was able to dominate western Europe successfully because he
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maintained an efficient military force
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In 800 A.D. the pope gave Charlemagne the time
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Emperor of the Romans
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Areas that Charlemagne united within his empire are now part of
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France and Germany
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An important result of Charlemagne's conquests was the
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spread of Christianity
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A basic reason for the rise of the feudal system in Europe was the
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lack of effective central government
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Power and position during the feudal period were based on
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holding of land
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Which son of a feudal lord inherited the father's estate?
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the eldest
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Feudalism served a useful purpose because it
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gave the people some protection and security
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Serfs were
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bound to the land
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a vassal under feudalism owed his lord
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military service
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a medieval manor was
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economically self-sufficient
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one cause of he decline of feudalism in western Europe was its failure to
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keep pace with economic changes in society
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which characteristic of the feudal period in western Europe made it most unlike any other period in European history
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the relationships established by the granting of land
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what is the outstanding characteristic of modern nations referred to as feudal?
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ownership of the land by a very small percentage of the population
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The events described in the New Testament took place in the
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early Roman Empire
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The world Christ, derived from the Greek language, means
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Savior
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What contributed to the early spread of Christianity?
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its offer of hope in a world of fear and uncertainty
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The first Bishop of Rome, from whose office evolved the papacy, was
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St. Peter
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Room persecuted the Christians mainly because they
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would not worship the emperor
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Roman persecution of Christianity was ended by
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the Edict of Milan
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Roman Catholic missionaries were active in
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France England and Spain
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The Templars, as monks and knights,
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took part in the Crusades
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The monastic order that introduced the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience
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Benedictines
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The pope is elevated to office following election by
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the College of Cardinals
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The pope's power to deny a person Church sacraments
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Excommunication
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The courts of the Inquisition were established to
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combat heresy
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The Roman Catholic Church considers heretics to be those Christian who
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disagree with Church doctrine
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The Church attempted to limit feudal warfare by means of
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the Truce of God
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The practice of lending money for interest, prohibited by the church during the Middle Ages
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Usury
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The tithe was
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a tax levied by the Church
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During the Middle Ages civil rulers and popes most often disagreed over the
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appointment of Church officials
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Emperor Henry IV of Germany went toe the pope at Canossa to
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beg forgiveness
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A compromise in the investiture struggle was reached by
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the Concordat of Worms
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The best description of the role of the Christian Church in western Europe during the Middle Ages is that the Church
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maintained a degree of unity in a society that bordered on anarchy
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The word Byzantine was derived from the name of
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an ancient Greek colony
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Compare lasting of Byzantine empire to fall of Rome
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it lasted a thousand years after the "fall" of Rome
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The culture of the Byzantine Empire was based chiefly upon the civilization of
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Greece
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The wealth of the Byzantine empire resulted from
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trade and industry in luxury products
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The Byzantine Empire furthered civilization by
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shielding western Europe and Arab and Turkish invaders
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the birthplace of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam was
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the Middle East
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In its original teachings, Islam differed from Judaism and Christianity in that Islam
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appealed strongly to the warrior class
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Islam-in common with Judaism and Christianity-teaches
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charity for the poor
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What city was the last Moslem stronghold in Spain?
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Granada
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A country in which Moslem civilization did NOT develop was
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Denmark
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An Asian people who conquered the Arabs, accepted Islam, and swept into south-eastern Europe was the
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Turks
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What was NOT a contribution of Islamic culture
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pyramids
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A significant contribution of Islamic culture to western Europe was
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advancements in mathematics and geography
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That contact existed between the medieval Moslems and Chinese may be deduced from the fact that the Moslems
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used the mariner's compass
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Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides - the three outstanding philosophers of the Moslem world- were also
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physicians
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The appeal to the pope for military aid against the Moslem Turks in the 11th century came from the
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emperor at Constantinople
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The ancient city famous for religious shrines and chief goal of the Crusades was
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Jerusalem
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An important result of the Crusades was that
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serfdom declined in western Europe
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The Crusades hastened the exploratory voyages to America by
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stimulating trade with Asia
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An effect of the Crusades upon western Europe was that the
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Church lost power
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The growth of trade in medieval Europe resulted in
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the rise of the middle class
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In ascending order, the three major classes in western Europe in the Later middle Ages were the
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serfs, bourgeoisie, nobles
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In the Later Middle Ages, merchants supported attempts of monarchs to establish strong national states because the merchants
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favored a strong central government to preserve law and order
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A leading trade center of medieval times in southern Europe was
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Venice
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In the Middle Ages Europe's main highway of trade was the
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Mediterranean Sea
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The Hanseatic Leauge was established to
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protect trade and commerce in the North and Baltic seas
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Bruges and Ghent, the famous medieval trade centers, are located in
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Belgium
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Medieval fairs were held chiefly in order to
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exchange goods
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One purpose of the medieval merchant guilds was to
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drive nonmember merchants from their towns
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Medieval craft guilds
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established an apprentice system to train craftspeople
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Buildings in medieval towns in western Europe were generally constructed of
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wood
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Which written language was most generally used among scholars in western Europe during the Middle Ages?
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Latin
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An ancient Greek on whose science and philosophy medieval universities relied heavily on
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Aristotle
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Which feature identifies a Gothic cathedral?
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tall spires
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In the middle Ages Moslem peoples were attracted to India because
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northwest India had much wealth
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Aibak. founder of the Delhi Empire, was a Moslem and ex-slave. This would indicate that Moslems
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rejected the caste system
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The attitude of the 13th-century Delhi sultans toward Hinduism was one of
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persecution
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By the 17th century the Moslems constituted about what percent of the Indian population?
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20
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Which regions were the centers of Moslem population in India
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Indus and Ganges
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Many Moslem rulers accused the Hindus of idolatry because the Hindus
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carved religious statues
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The Taj Mahal was a famous
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Moslem tomb
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The European nation that first reached India by sea and monopolized India's trade for many years was
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Portugal
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Unlike previous conquerers of India, the British
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won control over the entire country
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A period of Chinese history that compared favorably with the Han Period in military power, economic prosperity and cultural achievement was the
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T'ang
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Most similar to the 11th-century Sung economic reforms is today's United States law
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authorizing the government to purchase agricultural surpluses
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As it's greatest extent, the Mongol empire stretched westward from the Pacific Ocean to
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European Russia
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During the Mongol Era the civilization of China was
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tolerated by the Mongols but considered inferior
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The medieval Chinese did not develop
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logical methods of experimentation and research
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The Communist Chinese today, to buttress their claims to additional territories in Asia, would use a map of
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early 19th-century Manchu China
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In dealing with the West in the 18th and 19th centuries, China at first
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refused to learn from Western culture
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The geographic relationship of the Asian continent to Japan is similar to the relationship of Europe to
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Britain
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The mountains of Japan
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provide great natural beauty
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By the 9th century A.D. the Japanese had
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borrowed heavily from China's culture
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Feudal Europe's closest counterpart of the shogun of feudal Japan was
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the mayor of the palace
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Japan's last, ,or Tokugawa, Shogunate
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delayed Japan's development as a modern nation
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Japanese suicide pilots in World War II were called kamikaze after a
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typhoon that helped destroy a Mongol invasion fleet
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Why did Japan isolate itself from Western civilization in the 17th century ?
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The Japanese feared that European missionary and trade activities would lead to military conquest
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What was NOT an aspect of Japanese culture?
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equality of all classes good manners and personal dignity
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Shintoism did NOT
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emphasize concern for the poor and the unfortunate
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The Renaissance in western Europe was period marked by
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a spirit of questioning of formerly accepted authority
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An important feature of the Renaissance was an emphasis on
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the literature of Greece and Rome
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What were indirect causes of the European Renaissance?
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the Crusades and the discovery of the New World
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The Renaissance began in Italy because Italy
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enjoyed a favorable location for trade with the east
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Two early centers of European Renaissance culture were
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Venice and Florence
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the Medicts and Sforzas played a significant part in the Renaissance as
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rulers of Italian cities s and patrons of culture
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Francis Bacon and Galileo were alike in that both
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believe in the use of the scientific method
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The Divine Comedy, the Decameron, and the Canterbury Tales were all originally written
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in the vernacular
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Shakespeare's plays
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analyzed problems and motives of the individual
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In his book Praise of Folly, Erasmus
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used satire to attack the evils of society
|
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The term "a da Vinci of today" would best describe a person who seems to be
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a genius in many fields
|
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if you referred to a person as "Machiavellian," you would mean that the person is
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not bound by moral considerations in gaining an objective
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The careers of Gutenberg, Copernicus, and Rembrandt best support the conclusion that The Renaissance
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occurred in several European countries and in several fields of achievement
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During the Renaissance period in western Europe, art ad science flourished especially in regions where there was
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a wealthy leisure class
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Which present-day concern was most neglected during the Renaissance period?
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effort to achieve legal recognition of an individual's basic civil rights
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The Protestant Reformation was
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supported by many rulers who desired Church properties
|
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The authority of the Catholic Church was strengthened by
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the Council of Trent
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Nepotism
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filling church positions with relatives
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The immediate reason for Luter's protest against the Catholic Church was
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the sale of indulgences
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Luther and Wycliffe both
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translated the Bible info the vernacular
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Calvinism was brought to the New World by the
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English Puritans in Massachusetts
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Most effect in stopping Protestantism in Italy and Spain was the
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Holy Inquisition
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Protestant Reformation made its greatest gains in
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Germany
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Protestantism attracted few followers in
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Italy
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The Thirty Year's War was fought almost entirely in
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Germany
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By the Edict of Nantes, France granted religious toleration to the
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Huguenots
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The end of religious unity in western Europe was indicated by
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The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648
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Protestant Reformation encouraged
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the rise of national states and the movement for popular education
|
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|
he term ecumenism refers to a movement to
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achieve better understanding between Catholics and non-Catholics
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The major religions in the United States today...
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remain apart from national and International politics
|
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What contributed to the rise of national states in western Europe?
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the growth of the middle class
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The middle class believed that a strong king would
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protect life and property
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In 18th-century Europe autocratic rulers based their claim to rule on
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the theory of divine right
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A result of the Norman conquest of England was that
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fusion of French and Anglo-Saxon customs
|
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What nations were rivals in the Hundred Years' War?
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England and France
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The great aim of Louis XIV was to
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acquire territories up to France's natural boundaries
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The Asian invaders who ruled in Russia from the 13th to the 15th centuries were the
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Mongols
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At the end of he 18th century, Poland was partitioned by
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Prussia, Russia and Austria
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What royal family ruled Russia?
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Romanovs
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|
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legislative bodies of spain, france, and england
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Cortes, Estates-General, Parliament
|
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The Wars of the roses were struggles between
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noble families for the English throne
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Joseph II of Austria was an outstanding
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enlightened despot
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Writers of the Intellectual Revolution urged people to
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change society to conform to reason
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Enlightened despots during the 18th century
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used their absolute power to make some reforms
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The prosperity of Renaissance western Europe was due in part to the
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sharp rise in commercial activity in western Europe
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The Crusaders hastened the voyages to the New World by
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stimulating European demand for goods of the East
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What was the attitude of most merchants and monarchs toward overseas voyages
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both groups supported them
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which nation was the first to establish trading posts in India
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Portugal
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Which two European countries led in exploration and colonization during the 15h and 16th centuries?
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Portugal and Spain
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Two nations that established colonies in North America were
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Spain and England
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The eastern part of south America, encompassing Brazil, was once part of the empire of
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Portugal
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Verranzano
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explored the Atlantic coast of North America; first European to sail into New York Harbor.
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In the 18th century, the major colonial rivals were
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Britain And Spain
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By the 16th century the center of commercial activity had shifted from the Mediterranean to the
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Atlantic Ocean
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By the 17th century the chief export of Africa to the New World was
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slaves
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The Commercial Revolution brought the greatest increase in wealth and power to which two nations?
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Britain and Holland
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the term mercantilism is used to describe a policy of
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regulating trade to benefit the mother country
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Mercantilism held that the wealth of a nation is measured by its
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precious metals
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aspects of 18th century mercantilism
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the mother country's exports should be greater in value than it's exports, industry within the mother country should be encouraged by the national government, colonies should exist for the benefit of the mother country
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Joint-stock companies were important because they enabled business owners to
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secure risk capital
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