Histology - Connective Tissue

Front 1

what are the 2 types of supporting connective tissue?

Back 1

bone and cartilage

Front 2

what are the 2 types of fluid connective tissue?

Back 2

blood and lymph

Front 3

what are the 2 types of tissue & organ forming cells?

Back 3

parenchymal cells - performs the main function of tissue (ex: liver cells that detoxifies blood, filters, and regulates vitamins and minerals. ex: in lungs, alveolar cells), support cells - provide structural scaffolding of tissue

Front 4

what do support cells do?

Back 4

produce abudant extracellular matrix that separates cells from one another

Front 5

what are collagen fibrils made up of?

Back 5

TROPOCOLLAGEN - triple helix made of 3 intertwined polypeptide chains. pattern of glycine, hyroxyproline or hydroxylysine, and proline

Front 6

what are the 5 types of collagen and where are they found?

Back 6

type I - fibrous supporting tissue, skeletal system, provides great strength
type II - found in hyaline cartilage in joints
type III - reticulin, is delicate and forms a mesh branchwork, found in lymph node/liver
type IV - contributes to mesh in BASEMENT MEMBRANE
type VII - forms anchoring fibrils that link to the BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Front 7

what are elastic fibers composed of?

Back 7

elastin core and fibrillin microfibrils

Front 8

what are elastic fibers produced by?

Back 8

fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Front 9

where are elastic fibers found?

Back 9

trachea, mesentery spread, large artery, peripheral lung

Front 10

what are the two protein fibers in connective tissue?

Back 10

collagen and elastic fibers

Front 11

describe ground substance.

Back 11

viscous, clear, slippery substance that allows diffusion of nutrients and wastes and acts as a lubricant and barrier.

Front 12

what is the primary component of ground substance?

Back 12

proteoglycans - extremely large molecules with a protein core and covalently bound GAGs

Front 13

what are the 2 embryonic connective tissues?

Back 13

mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

Front 14

what are teh 2 types of connective tissue proper?

Back 14

loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue (irregular and regular)

Front 15

what are the 6 types of specialized connective tissue?

Back 15

adipose, cartilage, bone, blood, hematopoietic tissue, lymphatic tissue

Front 16

what does the mesenchymal tissue do?

Back 16

give rise to other connective tissues of the body.
they have an irregular, stellate/ovoid shape

Front 17

where is mucous connective tissue (Worton's Jelly) found and what is it composed of?

Back 17

umbilicus, mostly hyaluronic acid

Front 18

what is loose connective tissue?

Back 18

slender bundles of collagen, elastic, watery matrix found in mesentary tissue in the gut and mammary tissue

Front 19

what 4 things make up the loose connective tissue?

Back 19

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, fat cells

Front 20

the dominant cell in the adipose tissue is _________

Back 20

adipocyte, can be solitary or clustered

Front 21

what are the 4 functions of adipose tissue?

Back 21

cushions, insulates, stores energy & water, endocrine tissue

Front 22

what's the difference between white and brown adipose tissue?

Back 22

white - spherical or polyhedral, highly vascular, unilocular

brown - numerous blood vessels and mitochondria, polygonal, smaller than unilocular adipocytes, multilocular, "hibernating fat"

Front 23

which tissue contains proteoglycan aggregates, type II collagen, & hyaluronic acid?

Back 23

cartilage tissue

Front 24

what are the 3 different types of cartilage tissue

Back 24

hyaline (most common), elastic cartilage (hyaline + elastic fibers, fibrocartilage (hyaline + type I collagen fibers)

Hint 24

hyaline cartilage - highly hydrated and avascular

Front 25

what do chondroblasts do?

Back 25

build cartilage

Front 26

what are the characteristics of a chondrocyte?

Back 26

embedded in lacuna surrounded by cartilage matrix
abundant RER and golgi apparatus
respire in low oxygen tension

Front 27

where is elastic cartilage found?

Back 27

external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis of larynx

Front 28

the following describes which cartilage -
combination of dense regular connective tissue & hyaline cartilage
considerably less matrix material
resists both compression and shearing forces

Back 28

fibrocartilage

Front 29

where is fibrocartilage found?

Back 29

intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, articular discs, menisci of the kees, locations where tendons attach to bones

Front 30

where are chondrocytes located?

Back 30

embedded in lacuna surrounded by cartilage matrix

Front 31

where are chondrocytes found?

Back 31

embedded in the lacuna surrounded by cartilage matrix

Front 32

chondrocytes have an abundance of what 2 things?

Back 32

rough ER and golgi apparatus

Front 33

where is elastic cartilage found?

Back 33

external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis of larynx

Front 34

where is fibrocartilage found?

Back 34

intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, articular discs, menisci of the knees, locations where tendons attach to bones

Front 35

name the following process:
mineral salts are deposited in the framework formed by the collagen fibers, then crystallize and harden

Back 35

mineralization (calfication)