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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the major types of connective tissue?
Loose and Dense Regular or Irregular
What are the 4 specialized connective tissues?
Adipose, cartilage, bone, and bone marrow
Functions of fibroblasts
major producers and organizers of collagen, resilient to stress and injury, play an important role in injury response.
Fn of myofibroblast
same as fibroblast but has actin and myosin thick filaments in them. reshapes tisuses after injury
osteoblast, osteocytes?
produce type I collagen in bone, also produce osteoid
chondroblast, chondrocyte
produce type II collagen in cartilage on articular surfaces of bone, ears, larynx, nose, and tracheobronchial tree.
Which cells produce collagen and how is it released and processed?
fibro and myofibroblast synthesize procollagen and the needed processing enzymes.
Ultrastructure of collagen?
triple helix, repeating tripeptide gly-x-y-gly w/ hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in x position.
Why does collagen synthesis require vitamin C?
required for hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues.
steps of collagen synthesis,
1. RER synthesis of pre-pro-a-chain w/ hydrophobic signal sequence.
2. removal of HSS --> pro-a-chain
3. Hydroxylation of Pro and Lys by vit C.
4. glycosolation of hydroxylysines --> EC targeting
5. triple helix formation --> procollagen --> secreted
6. cleavage of propeptide --> tropocollagen
7. collagen fibril aggregation and stabilization
what enzyme and which cofactor are required for collagen fibril stabilization?
Lysyl Oxidase and utilizes Cu+
Loose teeth, bleeding gums, petechiae, echymosses, poor wound healing, poor bone development, vitamin deficiency, what is biochemical deficit?
Scurvy, lack of vitamin C --> no hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, thus no cross linking and stabilization can be carried out by lysyl oxidase/cu+
blue sclera, multiple fractures, skeletal deformities, hearing loss?
Osteogenesis imperfecta, collagen gene defect
hyperflexibility, loose skin, dislocations, varicose veins, echymosses
ehlers danlos, collagen and/or lysine hydroxylase deficiency
steely depigmented hair, arterial toruosity, arterial ruptures, cerebral degeneration, osteoporosis, anemia, Cu+ deficiency
Menke's disease --> no cu for lysyl oxidase --> no cross linking of collagen fibers
Collagen found in skin, tendons, ligaments, bone, cornea?
Collagen 1 is found in these locations.
Collagen in cartilage, intervertebral disks, vitreous body of the eye
locations of collagen II
collagen of blood vessels, reticular fibers, ecm, basal lamina, support parenchyma
locations of collagen III
primary collagen of the basal lamina
collagen IV
myopia, detached lens, skeletal defects, long arms, legs, finger and scoliosis, dysfunctional elastic tissue. What gene, disease, and complications?
marfans, fibrillin defect, cardiovascular sequellae including mitral valve prolapse, and dilated aorta
3 major distributions of connective tissue and their locations?
Loose Irregular: submucosa, papillary dermis.
Dense Regular: Tendons, bone, cornea
Dense Irregular: dermis and capsules of organs
ddx between dense regular and irregular connective tissue
more fiber less cells in irregular
significance of proteoglycans in the ECM?
hyaluronic acid, chondritin, dermatan, karatan, and heparan have significant sulfated thus negatively charged residues, and can complex considerable water, thus providing compressive resistance and provides a diffusion medium
what is the function of lamins in the ECM?
lamins bind to cell membrane integrins, and link cells to the basal lamina via entactin which links to collagen IV.