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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the major types of connective tissue?
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Loose and Dense Regular or Irregular
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What are the 4 specialized connective tissues?
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Adipose, cartilage, bone, and bone marrow
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Functions of fibroblasts
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major producers and organizers of collagen, resilient to stress and injury, play an important role in injury response.
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Fn of myofibroblast
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same as fibroblast but has actin and myosin thick filaments in them. reshapes tisuses after injury
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osteoblast, osteocytes?
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produce type I collagen in bone, also produce osteoid
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chondroblast, chondrocyte
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produce type II collagen in cartilage on articular surfaces of bone, ears, larynx, nose, and tracheobronchial tree.
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Which cells produce collagen and how is it released and processed?
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fibro and myofibroblast synthesize procollagen and the needed processing enzymes.
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Ultrastructure of collagen?
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triple helix, repeating tripeptide gly-x-y-gly w/ hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in x position.
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Why does collagen synthesis require vitamin C?
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required for hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues.
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steps of collagen synthesis,
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1. RER synthesis of pre-pro-a-chain w/ hydrophobic signal sequence.
2. removal of HSS --> pro-a-chain 3. Hydroxylation of Pro and Lys by vit C. 4. glycosolation of hydroxylysines --> EC targeting 5. triple helix formation --> procollagen --> secreted 6. cleavage of propeptide --> tropocollagen 7. collagen fibril aggregation and stabilization |
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what enzyme and which cofactor are required for collagen fibril stabilization?
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Lysyl Oxidase and utilizes Cu+
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Loose teeth, bleeding gums, petechiae, echymosses, poor wound healing, poor bone development, vitamin deficiency, what is biochemical deficit?
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Scurvy, lack of vitamin C --> no hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, thus no cross linking and stabilization can be carried out by lysyl oxidase/cu+
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blue sclera, multiple fractures, skeletal deformities, hearing loss?
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Osteogenesis imperfecta, collagen gene defect
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hyperflexibility, loose skin, dislocations, varicose veins, echymosses
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ehlers danlos, collagen and/or lysine hydroxylase deficiency
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steely depigmented hair, arterial toruosity, arterial ruptures, cerebral degeneration, osteoporosis, anemia, Cu+ deficiency
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Menke's disease --> no cu for lysyl oxidase --> no cross linking of collagen fibers
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Collagen found in skin, tendons, ligaments, bone, cornea?
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Collagen 1 is found in these locations.
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Collagen in cartilage, intervertebral disks, vitreous body of the eye
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locations of collagen II
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collagen of blood vessels, reticular fibers, ecm, basal lamina, support parenchyma
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locations of collagen III
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primary collagen of the basal lamina
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collagen IV
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myopia, detached lens, skeletal defects, long arms, legs, finger and scoliosis, dysfunctional elastic tissue. What gene, disease, and complications?
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marfans, fibrillin defect, cardiovascular sequellae including mitral valve prolapse, and dilated aorta
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3 major distributions of connective tissue and their locations?
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Loose Irregular: submucosa, papillary dermis.
Dense Regular: Tendons, bone, cornea Dense Irregular: dermis and capsules of organs |
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ddx between dense regular and irregular connective tissue
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more fiber less cells in irregular
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significance of proteoglycans in the ECM?
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hyaluronic acid, chondritin, dermatan, karatan, and heparan have significant sulfated thus negatively charged residues, and can complex considerable water, thus providing compressive resistance and provides a diffusion medium
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what is the function of lamins in the ECM?
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lamins bind to cell membrane integrins, and link cells to the basal lamina via entactin which links to collagen IV.
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