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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
connective tissue function
1. support-structure, packing 2. defense-immune rxns, phagocytosis 3. Co2 and O2 exchange 4. repair-wounds
muous CT
embryonal; GS with collagen and few cells; cotton candy; stem cells; umbilical cord and tooth pulp
mesenchyme CT
lots pleuripotent cells; forms- muscle, endo/mesothelium, lymph, spleen, blood cells; synovium, osteo/chondro/fibrobasts; adipocytes
fibroblast
active, spinkle, large pale nucleus
fibrocyte
inactive, maintain environ., darker nucleus
myofibroblast
alpha smooth muscle actin; wound contraction
histiocyte
2nd lysosomes, heterogenous cytoplasm;; functions=digestion, cell-mediated resistance, RBC destruction, AG presenters, MHC2, secretory
types of macrophages
liver-Kupffer; lung-alveolar macrophages; CNS-microglial; lymph/spleen-Langerhans
lysosome
lysozyme, hydrolases, H2O2, collagenase, GAGases
histiocyte products
complement system, coagulation factors, interferon, TNF, IL-1, protaglandins, PAF
Mast cell functions
1. release chemical mediators of inflammation and hypersensitivity 2. allergic rxns (anaphylaxis, imm.hypersens.rxn.) 3. granules cause constriction/dilation of sm muscle and cap.
cromolyn sodium
cell membrane stabilizer
mast cell granules
PGE2 (vasodilator), Leukotriene C4 (vasodilates, bronchoconstriction), TNF, ILs, PAF (protein syn), histamine (contracts visceral arteries and bronchial but relaxes sm muscle)
collagen formation
1. aa assembled in rER (gly,pro,lys); 2. synthetic of alpha chains in rER; 3. hydroxylation of pro,lys in rER (vit C cofactor); 4. glycosylation in rER (orgolgi); 5. formation of procollagen (triple helix); 6. to golgi for packaging; 7. vesicles to cm (MT,MFs); 8. exocytosis; 9. ends of peptides cleaved
collagen type 1
cells=fibroblasts, smooth muscle, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, odontoblasts; tissues=loose and dense CT, fibrocartilage, bone, dentin
collagen type 2
chondrocytes, hyaline and elastic cartilage
collagen type 3
cells=fibroblasts, sm muscle, endothelial; tissue=loose CT, dermis, BVs, organ walls
collagen type 4
cells=epithelial, endothelial; tissues=BL, external lamina, eye lens
collagen type 5
cells=fibroblasts, reticular, sm muscle; tissue=CT stroma
collagen type 7
flibroblasts; anchoring fibrils, BL to CT
collagen type 10
chondrocytes, zone of hypertrophy
reticular
produced by fibroblasts, sm muscle, schwann; in expandable organs, hematopoietic organs, liver, bv; stain with PAS because glycoproteins (silver too)
elastic
elastin, interlinked mlcs, desmosine and isodesmosine; sites=ligamentum nuchae, vocal cords, aorta, lung; fibrillin present
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
sulfated= provide support, H2O binding, dermatan (skin,bv,heart,CVdisease,woundrepair), heparan (BL,cellsurface,interaction with FGF); nonsulfated=hyaluronan, link to proteoglycans form aggregated to resist compressions (articular cartilage)
Glycoproteins
cell surface protein; BL cmpt; cell mvmt, fibronectin (cell adhesion, bind collagen, transmem., bind to integrins); laminin (adhesion btw epi and ECM); osteopontin (bind OC, Ca, hydroxyapatite); interact with integrin (receptor, activates fibronectin)
brown adipose
mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase, thermogenin (heat), multiple droplets, central nucleus
leptin
energy homeostasis, stimulates metabolic rate, regulates adipose tissue; receptors in hypothalamus (feedback sys.)
metalloproteinases (MMPs)
emzymes, zine dependent, degrade/maintain ECM; secreted as inactive precursors then held by inhibitors (TIMPs); include: collagenase, stromelysins, elastases, gelatinases; ex: ovulation
Dupuytren Disease (1 of 11)
palma fibromatosis; thickened aponeurosis because too much collagen by myofibroblasts
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (2 of 11)
defect in collagen 1; blue sclera caused by choroidal veins
Marfan syndrome (3 of 11)
defect in FBN1 gene that encodees fibrillin-1; autosomal dominant; abnormal elastic tissue
Ehlers-Danlos IV (4 of 11)
collagen 3 defect; hypermobility, bv rupture
Alport Syndrome (5 of 11)
collagen 4 defect; kidney glomerular basement membrane
Hurler Syndrome (6 of 11)
increase in two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) [dermatan sulfate or heparan sulfate]; a genetic disorder (a LSD) because of deficiency of enzyme iduronidase. Hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, gargoylism.
Lipoma (7 of 11)
benign adipose tissue tumor; masses of mature adipocytes found in subcutaneous tissue
Keloids (8 of 11)
overgrowth of dense CT after healing of skin injury; more collagen is produced than degraded; myofibroblasts play role in proliferation
Multiple Myeloma (9 of 11)
sheets of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow aspirate; IgM spike in 80-90%
Anaphylaxis (10 of 11)
allergic (type 1 immediate hypersensitivity) reaction; process leading to mast cell degranulation
Soft tissue (11 of 11)
CT, tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, collagen fibers, fat, synovium, muscles, nerves, bvs
histamine
contracts visceral arteries and bronchial sm muscle; relaxes peripheral arterial sm muscle and contracts endothelial cells [basophil products similar to mast cell]
pericyte
adult stem cell/undifferentiated; around vessels; develop into endothelial, adipose, sm muscle
CT WBCs
neutrophil=3-4 lobes; eosinophil=parasite, granules, bilobed; lymphocyte=heterochromatic, thin cytoplasm
proteoglycans
GAG core protein; syndecan-transmembrane protein links to BL thru heparan sulfate
adipose
innervated by SNS, norepi activates lipase; fats stores mobilized by epi/norepi/glucagon/ACTH bind to receptors