Hist 1302 Test #1

Front 1

share cropping

Back 1

in exchange for working the land and supplies, give a portion of their crop

Front 2

tenant farmer

Back 2

owned some farm equipment and usually gave less of crop

Front 3

what is the difference between a sharecropper and a tenant farmer?

Back 3

Tenant farmers had money. Share croppers started out with no money and continued to be in debt

Front 4

Franchisement

Back 4

the right to vote

Front 5

15th amendment

Back 5

gave African American men the right to vote

Front 6

How did the south gt around the 15th amendment?

Back 6

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and the Grandfather Clause

Front 7

Grandfather Clause

Back 7

if your grandfather could vote before the civil war, then you had the right to vote too

Front 8

what was the goal of imposing poll taxes and literacy tests?

Back 8

limit the amount of those they felt were undesirables, from voting

Front 9

problem with poll taxes and literacy tests

Back 9

they also effected poor whites

Front 10

Ida B. Wells

Back 10

-owned a newspaper in Memphis
-Press destroyed; moved to Chicago
-advocate for racial justice
-she wrote about lynchings

Front 11

Booker T. Washington

Back 11

-founded Tuskegee Institute
-"Up From Slavery"
-should advance themselves economically

Front 12

what was the background behind Plessy v. Ferguson?

Back 12

Homer Plessy refused to leave "whites only" passenger car in Louisiana

Front 13

_______ _ _______ established that Jim Crow laws were legal

Back 13

Plessy v. Ferguson

Front 14

what was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson?

Back 14

seperate but equal

Front 15

______ is sometimes referred to as the "Great American Desert"

Back 15

the west

Front 16

the population in the west mainly consisted of...

Back 16

-farmers (with $$$)
-European immigrants (largest group): German, Irish, Scandinavians
-Chinese

Front 17

exodusters

Back 17

-Kansas
-some were farmers, ranchers, some were cowboys
-25% of cowboys

Front 18

Army units in the west were called ____ ____

Back 18

Buffalo soldiers

Front 19

Fort Laramie Treaty

Back 19

establishes reservations

Front 20

Little Big Horn (1874)

Back 20

General George A. Custer and 200 of his men are killed by Sioux and Cheyenne (2,500)

Front 21

Wounded Knee Masacre starts because...

Back 21

a deaf Sioux did not understand that he had to give up his gun

Front 22

Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

Back 22

land allotments of 160 acres; held in trust for 25 years; some of the land lost because of fraud

Front 23

Citizenship was granted to all Native Americans in the year ____

Back 23

1924

Front 24

Joseph G. McCoy

Back 24

Railroad to Chicago for cattle

Front 25

Joseph Glidden

Back 25

Invented barbed wire in 1873

Front 26

Homestead Act of 1862

Back 26

work land for 5 year and receive the claim or pay $1.25 per acre

Front 27

_______ was the first state admitted that granted women suffrage (could vote in territory since 1869)

Back 27

Wyoming

Front 28

______: first big business in the U.S.

Back 28

railroads

Front 29

The ____'s was the largest decade of railroad growth

Back 29

1880's

Front 30

Pacific Railway Bill, 1862

Back 30

The Pacific Railway Act was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862. This act provided Federal government support for the building of the first transcontinental railroad, which was completed on May 10, 1869.

Front 31

__% of workers on Central Pacific were Chinese; Union Pacific majority were _____.

Back 31

90%

Irish

Front 32

The Gilded Age (from the years _____ to _____)

Back 32

1877 to 1900

Front 33

Jay Gould

Back 33

bought and sold railroads at a profit

Front 34

Cornelius Vanderbilt (a.k.a. "Commodore")

Back 34

took small rail lines and consolidated them into one large line (New York Central)

Front 35

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 35

-invented the telephone
-1885: the American Telephone and Telegraph Company

Front 36

Thomas Edison

Back 36

-invented the phonograph in 1877
-1888: the Edison General Electric Company

Front 37

John D. Rockefeller

Back 37

Standard Oil Company

Front 38

Standard Oil Company was formed in the year ____ and refined almost 95% of U.S. oil

Back 38

1870

Front 39

Andrew Carnegie

Back 39

-Steel Industry
-Carnegie Steel Company
-from Scotland

Front 40

J.P. Morgan

Back 40

a financier who bought Carnegie's steel empire in 1901 for $500 million

Front 41

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) were also called "_____"

Back 41

Wobblies

Front 42

True/False:
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) spoke often on the gap in social status and had no negotiating power

Back 42

True

Front 43

The _____ __ _____ was founded in 1869 and was the first national union

Back 43

Knights of Labor

Front 44

The Knights of Labor consisted of...

Back 44

-skilled and unskilled workers
-women
-African Americans
-immigrants

Front 45

True/False:
The Knights of Labor preferred boycotting to strikes

Back 45

True

Front 46

American Federation of Labor

Back 46

an organization of skilled workers; no women, African Americans, in some cases immigrants

Front 47

What was the focus of the American Federation of Labor?

Back 47

change legislation

Front 48

Pullman Strike

Back 48

-May 1894
-Pullman, Illinois; Pullman Palace Car Company
-led by Eugene V. Debs

Front 49

Eugene V. Debs

Back 49

-leader of the Pullman Strike in May of 1894
-ran in 2 presidential elections
-Socialist Party of America (1901)

Front 50

1900: ____ of the population lived in cities

Back 50

1/3

Front 51

1920: ____ of the population lived in cities

Back 51

1/2

Front 52

_______ was the heighth of immigration (zenith of immigration)

Back 52

1900-1910

Front 53

The first electric elevator was built in the year ____ and was invented by ______ ______

Back 53

1871 by Elisha Otis

Front 54

True/False:
Turn of the century Boston, New York and Philedelphia did not have subways

Back 54

<b>False.</b> Turn of the century Boston, New York and Philedelphia <i>DID</i> have subways

Front 55

What problems did people face living in the city in the turn of the century?

Back 55

-crowded housing (before high rises)
-children played in the streets
-late 1800's one toilet (located outdoors); turn of the century, two toilets per floor; shared by all tenants

Front 56

_____ million immigrants came to the U.S. during the Gilded Age

Back 56

6.3

Front 57

1892-1954: ____ out of ____ immigrants came through Ellis Island

Back 57

4/10

Front 58

What were some of the reasons why people immigrated to the U.S.?

Back 58

-escape famine
-persecution (ex: religious or political
-economic opportunity

Front 59

Old Immigrants

Back 59

Immigrants who mainly came from Northern and Western Europe.

Front 60

New Immigrants

Back 60

After 1870's more immigrants arrive from Southern and Eastern Europe (ex: Greece, Italy, Poland, Russia)

Front 61

What is the difference between Old Immigrants and New Immigrants?

Back 61

where they immigrated from

Front 62

Haymarket Affair

Back 62

-Chicago
-May 3, 1886
-clash between police and strikers; one of the strikers killed
-the following night, another clash occurs

Front 63

Homestead Strike

Back 63

-1892
-Homestead Steel Works at Pittsburgh
-lockout and strike due to a dispute between the workers and the Carnegie Steel Company which ultimately lead to a battle between the workers (strikers) and private security
-H. C. Frick (Henry Clay Frick) had taken over for Carnegie while Carnegie was on vacation

Front 64

The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in the year ____ in response to immigrants

Back 64

1882

Front 65

The Grange

Back 65

-founded in 1867
-first political organization for farmers

Front 66

True/False:
The Grange's ultimate goal was for the federal government to step in

Back 66

True

Front 67

True/False:
The Grange did not want to change warehouse and railroad rates.

Back 67

<b>False.</b> The Grange <i>DID</i> want to change warehouse and railroad rates.

Front 68

Farmer's Alliance

Back 68

South and Midwest

Front 69

Texas Alliance

Back 69

one of the largest alliances

Front 70

Colored Alliance

Back 70

focused on economic issues of the time

Front 71

The Populists were also known as the ______ ______ or the ______ ______

Back 71

The Populist Party or The People's Party

Front 72

The Populists were located mainly in the ____ and _____

Back 72

West and Midwest (ex: Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota)

Front 73

Republicans

Back 73

-logo is an elephant
-protestant
-Northeast and upper midwest; blacks, union veterans, reformers, nativists

Front 74

Democrats

Back 74

immigrants, southern whites, Catholics, Jews, those opposed to Republican morality

Front 75

President ______ ______ reformed the navy

Back 75

President Chester A. Arthur

Front 76

President Chester A. Arthur was a ______

Back 76

Republican

Front 77

Who became president after Garfield was assassinated?

Back 77

Chester A. Arthur

Front 78

_________ ______ was the president who signed the Pendelton Act?

Back 78

Chester A. Arthur signed the Pendelton Act in 1883

Front 79

______ ______ never actually won an election

Back 79

Chester A. Arthur

Front 80

Chester A. Arthur served as president from _____ to _____

Back 80

1881-1885

Front 81

Grover Cleveland served as president from _____ to _____

Back 81

1885-1889

Front 82

Grover Cleveland was a _____

Back 82

Democrat

Front 83

Cleveland ran against ______ ______ in 1884 election

Back 83

James G. Blaine

Front 84

______ _______ had the largest # of vetoes of any president until Franklin D. Roosevelt

Back 84

Grover Cleveland

Front 85

Cleveland lost to Harrison in the 1888 election because...

Back 85

he did not support veterans and cut their pensions

Front 86

Benjamin Harrison was president from the years ____ through ___

Back 86

1889-1893

Front 87

Harrison was a ______

Back 87

Republican

Front 88

True/False;
Although Cleveland won the popular vote in the 1888 election, Harrison became president because he (Harrison) won the electoral college vote

Back 88

True

Front 89

What was the Pendelton Civil Service Act (a.k.a. the Pencelton Act)?

Back 89

established that presidential appontments must pass a test before starting their job so that it can be assured that the person actually is qualified

Front 90

_______ _______ was the president associated with the ICC (Independent Commerce Commission)

Back 90

Grover Cleveland