Hist 1302 - Exam 1

Front 1

- Optimistic phrase white southerners used to describe the post-Reconstruction South, reflecting the South's development of a new system of race relations based on segregation and white supremacy and pointing to a profound economic transformation that swept across the region.

- Jim Crow Laws (Black Codes)

- Sharecropping (still working on white landowner's land and still poor)

Back 1

New South

Front 2

- Provided 160 acres of free land to any settler willing to live on it and improve it for 5 years

- Promoted massive westward migration

Back 2

Homestead Act

Front 3

- A line spanning the continental US

- Congress helped the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads built it by providing land grants, cash incentives, and loans

Back 3

Transcontinental RR

Front 4

- Vast open territory stretching east to west from present-day Missouri to the Rocky Mnts, and north to south from North Dakota to Texas

Back 4

Great Plains

Front 5

- More than 20,000 ex-slaves who in 1879 left violence and poverty in the south to take up farming in Kansas

Back 5

Exodusters

Front 6

- Originally founded in the fall of 1867 by Oliver H. Kelly as a social and educational society for farmers

- Became a major political force in the Midwest and mid-1870s

Back 6

Grange

Front 7

- The annual cattle drives of more than 1,000 mile from Texas to the Great Plains that started in 1866 and established the ranching industry in the west.

Back 7

Long Drive

Front 8

- Lt. Col. George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry are wiped out by a force of Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho warriors on June 25, 1876

- Hardens white attitudes toward Native Americans

Back 8

Battle of Little Bighorn

Front 9

- 1887 law that started the breakup of reservations by offering Native Americans allotments of 160 acres of reservation land to encourage them to become independent farmers

Back 9

Dawes Severalty Act

Front 10

- US soldiers open fire on a group of Sioux Indians on December 29, 1890

- 200 to 300 Indians killed

Back 10

Wounded Knee Massacre

Front 11

- A circuslike production begun in 1883 that helped create a romantic and mythological view of the West in the American imagination

Back 11

"Buffalo Bill's Wild West"

Front 12

- Historian Fredrick Jackson Turner's 1893 theory that extolled the positive role the frontier had played in shaping the American character and consequently American institutions

Back 12

Frontier Thesis

Front 13

- Gov't stays out of the economy

- "Let do"

Back 13

Laissez-faire

Front 14

- The control of an industry or market by one corporation

Back 14

Monopoly

Front 15

- One company controls the main phases of production of a good, from acquiring raw materials to retailing the finished product

Back 15

Vertical Integration

Front 16

- One company buys many other companies producing the same product to eliminate competition and achieve greater efficiency

Back 16

Horizontal Integration

Front 17

- Name for big business leaders that suggested they grew rich by devious business practices, exploitation of workers, and political manipulation

Back 17

Robber barons

Front 18

- Legally binding deal bringing many companies in the same industry under the direction of a board of "trustees"

Back 18

Trust

Front 19

- Authorized the Justice Department to prosecute any illegal contract, combination, or conspiracy among corporations that eliminated competition or restrained free trade

- Did not work out so well; toothless

Back 19

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Front 20

- A list of workers that employers in a particular town or industry refused to hire because they were considered troublemakers

Back 20

Blacklist

Front 21

- Belief that the principles of evolution, which Darwin had observed in nature, also applied to society

- Advocates argued that individuals or groups achieve advantages that over others as the result of biological superiority

- Survival of the fittest

Back 21

Social Darwinism

Front 22

- Labor organization founded in 1869 that in the 1880s accepted workers of all trades and backgrounds and became the world's largest industrial union

Back 22

Knights of Labor

Front 23

- Violent incident that touched off when a bomb exploded amidst a group of policemen as they broke up a peaceful labor rally in Chicago's Haymarket Square on May 4, 1886

- People were convinced it was the anarchists

Back 23

Haymarket Riot

Front 24

- Name for the period 1877-1900 that suggested the amazing achievements of the period were like a thin gold layer that covered the corruption

Back 24

Gilded Age

Front 25

- Multiple family dwelling of 4-6 stories housing dozens of families that became the most common form of housing for poor city dwellers by the 1860s

Back 25

Tenement

Front 26

- Powerful urban political organization that mobilized large blocs of working-class and immigrant voters and often engaged in corrupt and illegal activity.

Back 26

Political Machine

Front 27

- Institution established in cities beginning in the 1880s and dedicated to helping the poor by providing a wide range of social and educational services

Back 27

Settlement House

Front 28

- Movement begun in the 1880s that advocated comprehensive planning and grand redesign of urban space to eliminate pollution and overcrowding

Back 28

City Beautiful Movement

Front 29

- A phrase used to describe young women in the 1890s and early 1900s that reflected their rising levels of education, economic independence, and political and social activism.

Back 29

New Woman

Front 30

- Third party effort launched in 1890 by a coalition of farmer organizations, reformers, and labor unions and dedicated to curbing corporate power and increasing the voice of the masses in politics

Back 30

People's Party

Front 31

- Organization in the 1870s and 1880s dedicated to helping farmers struggling with rising costs and falling crop prices by advocating farmer cooperatives and laws to regulate banks and railroads

Back 31

Farmer's Alliance

Front 32

- Protest march from Ohio to Washington D.C., organized by Jacob Coxey in 1894 to publicize demands for the federal gov't to alleviate the suffering brought on by the Panic of 1893

Back 32

Coxey's Army

Front 33

- Town built and owned by a corp and rented to its employees, reflecting both the corp's desire to help their workers and control them

Back 33

Company Town

Front 34

- Bitter strike that began on May 11, 1894, at the Pullman Palace Car Company and soon spread nationwide, paralyzing the railroad system

- Pres. Cleveland sent in fed. troops and broke the strike

Back 34

Pullman Strike

Front 35

- Created a federally run Fed. Reserve to serve as a "banker's bank" that held a portion of bank funds in reserve to help member banks in time of crisis, set rates for business loans, and issued a new national paper currency

Back 35

Federal Reserve Act

Front 36

- Prohibited interlocking company directories and exempted trade unions from prosecution under the 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act

- Got things done for good

Back 36

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Front 37

- Effort to use scientific knowledge to secure maximum output and profit

Back 37

Scientific Management

Front 38

- Group envisioned "one big union" that welcomed all workers regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or skill, which would one day take over all means of production

Back 38

Industrial Workers of the World

Front 39

- Supreme Court ruling that unless long work hours directly jeopardized worker's health, the gov't could not abridge an employee's freedom to negotiate his own work schedule with his employer

Back 39

Lochner vs. New York

Front 40

- Colorado state troops set a striking miner's camp ablaze, killing 13 women and children, an act that outraged laborers throughout the nation

Back 40

Ludlow Massacre

Front 41

- Supreme Court upheld maximum hour laws for female workers because protecting women's reproductive health served the public good

Back 41

Muller vs. Oregon

Front 42

- Law levied federal fines for mislabeling food or medicine

Back 42

Pure Food and Drug Act

Front 43

- Progressive era term for investigative journalists who wrote exposes on gov't and business corruption

Back 43

Muckrakers

Front 44

- Constitutional amendment that enabled voters, rather than state legislatures, to elect federal senators

Back 44

17th Amendment

Front 45

- Late 19th century term for colonizing foreign nations and lands, relying primary on business, political and military structures rather than settlers to rule colonized peoples and exploit their resources

Back 45

Imperialism

Front 46

- Congressional promise to "leave the gov't and control of the Cuban Island to its people" at the end of the Spanish-American War

Back 46

Teller Amendment

Front 47

- Ended the Spanish-American War

- Spain relinquishes claim to Cuba

- US gets Puerto Rico and Guam

- Spain also gives the Philippines back to us in exchange for $20 million

Back 47

Treaty of Paris

Front 48

- Granted US the right to maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay, intervene militarily in Cuban domestic affairs, and have a privileged trading relationship with Cuba

- Cuban gov't also needed permission from US before entering into treaties with other nations

Back 48

Platt Amendment

Front 49

- Anglo-Saxon quest to better the lives of "racially inferior" peoples by spreading Western economic, cultural, and spiritual values and institutions

Back 49

"The white man's burden"

Front 50

- Term used to describe the exclusive political and trading rights that a foreign nation enjoyed within another nation's territory

Back 50

Sphere of Influence

Front 51

- US-sponsored nonbinding international agreement that kept the Chinese market open to all foreign nations

Back 51

Open Door Policy

Front 52

- Japanese agreement to deny passports to Japanese workers intending to immigrate to the US

Back 52

Gentlemen's Agreement

Front 53

- Manmade waterway dug straight through Panama to help military strategy by linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

Back 53

Panama Canal

Front 54

- Corollary to the 1823 Monroe Doctrine that announced US intention to act as an "international police power" in Latin America

Back 54

Roosevelt Corollary