Exam 2 - Hist 1302

Front 1

Schlieffen Plan

Back 1

- Military plan that called for Germany to attack and quickly defeat France while the cumbersome Russian army mobilized

Front 2

Western Front

Back 2

- Complex system of trenches and earthworks that ran for 460 miles from the North Sea toSwitzerland that pitted Germany against Belgium, France, Britain, and theUnited States (takes US involvement to break the deadlock and help France)

Front 3

Lusitania

Back 3

- British passenger ship sunk by German U-boat on May 7, 1915, an attack that killed1,198 passengers, including 128 Americans (major factor for American outragebecause of the brutality of the event- killing innocent people rather than sparselycrewed shipping boats- the Germans are barbaric,less than human)- 2 years before US enters war

Front 4

Zimmerman Telegram

Back 4

- German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman offeredto help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if Mexico would start a borderlandwar with the US and ask Japan to join them. Meant to make it difficult for theUS to help France in the war. Mexicans thought this was a stupid plan. Telegramis uncovered- enrages US, forces US into war with Germany.

Front 5

Fourteen Points

Back 5

- Speech by Woodrow Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918, that outlined a postwar world dominated by democracy, free trade, disarmament, self-determination, resolved territorial disputes in Europe, and a League of Nations to mediate future international crises.

- Became the framework for the Treaty of Versailles

Front 6

19th Amendment

Back 6

- Granted women the right to vote

- Ratified August 26, 1920

Front 7

Committee on Public Information

Back 7

- Gov't agency that controlled the flow of information that shaped public opinion about the war with posters, Four-Minute Men, pamphlets, and films

- PROPAGANDA

Front 8

Espionage Act (1917)

Back 8

- Made it a crime to obstruct military recruitment, to encourage mutiny, or to aid the enemy by spreading lies

Front 9

Sedition Act (1918)

Back 9

- Went even further than the Espionage Act by prohibiting anyone from uttering, writing, or publishing "any abusive or disloyal language" concerning the flag, constitution, gov't, or armed forces

Front 10

Spanish Influenza

Back 10

- Lethal flu virus (not from the Spanish; most likely from the mobilization of millions of troops) that killed millions worldwide in 1918

Front 11

Versailles Peace Treaty

Back 11

- Controversial treaty that ended WWI by requiring Germany to pay reparations and disarm

Front 12

League of Nations

Back 12

- International collective security org composed of member nations where member nations agreed to mediate future international disputes to prevent wars and work together to improve global human conditions

- US president can't join because the Senate votes NO

Front 13

18th Amendment (1919)

Back 13

- Banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of intoxicating liquors

Front 14

21st Amendment (1933)

Back 14

- Repealed the 18th amendment

Front 15

Immigration Act 1924

Back 15

- Allowed unrestricted immigration from the Western Hemisphere, curtailed all Asian immigration, and used quotas to control how many immigrants came from individual European nations

Front 16

First Red Scare (1919-1920)

Back 16

- Period when the Justice Dep. arrested and deported alien anarchists and Communists suspected of trying to destroy American democracy and capitalism

Front 17

Fundamentalism

Back 17

- Evangelical Christian theory that viewed the Bible as an authentic, literal recounting of historical events and the absolute moral word of God

- Supported by the CONSERVATIVE COUNTRYSIDE

Front 18

Modernism

Back 18

- Liberal Christian theology embraced in many urban areas that emphasized the ongoing revelation of divine truth

- Supported by the URBAN IMMIGRANT/INTERRACIAL

Front 19

Harlem Renaissance

Back 19

- Outpouring of African American artistic expression in the 1920s and 1930s

Front 20

UNIA

Back 20

- Org founded by Marcus Garvey to spread his message of racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and returning to Africa

- Largest black org at this time

Front 21

Washington Conference (1921-1922)

Back 21

- Meeting of world powers that resulted in agreements that limited naval arms, reaffirmed America's Open Door policy, and secured pledges of cooperation among the world's leading military powers

Front 22

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Back 22

- Treaty that renounced aggressive war as an instrument of national policy

Front 23

Stock Market Crash of 1929

Back 23

- 10 day period beginning on October 20, 1929, when the value of stocks plummeted as panicked investors sold off their stock in droves

- Considered the official start of the Great Depression

Front 24

Bonus March

Back 24

- 2 month-long demonstration by 40,000 impoverished WWI veterans in Washington, D.C., that ended violently when the army expelled the protesters

Front 25

New Deal

Back 25

- Avalanche of legislation from 1933 to 1938 intended to promote economic recovery, reform American capitalism, and offer security to ordinary Americans.

Front 26

Dust Bowl

Back 26

- Drought and soil erosion caused massive dust storms across southern plains states throughout the 1930s

Front 27

"Migrant Mother"

Back 27

- Dorothea Lange's 1936 photograph of a destitute woman, which became an iconic portrait of Depression-era suffering

- Mary and baby Jesus resemblance

Front 28

Share our wealth

Back 28

-Louisiana Senator Huey Long's plan to redistribute money from the rich to the poor

Front 29

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Back 29

- Craft-based org. that accepted only skilled workers, like carpenters or cigar makers, who practiced a trade

Front 30

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Back 30

- Brand new type of labor org that organized workers within an entire industry rather than by their trade orientation

Front 31

Sit-down Strike

Back 31

- Workers occupy a factory to paralyze production lines and prevent strikebreakers or management from entering the building

Front 32

New Deal coalition

Back 32

- Political partnership formed in the mid 1930s among liberals, trade unionists, Catholics, and northern blacks that redrew the nation's political map

Front 33

Non-interventionists

Back 33

- Those urging the nation to stay out of overseas conflicts

Front 34

Interventionists

Back 34

- Those advocating direct engagement in overseas conflicts

Front 35

Neutrality Acts

Back 35

- Series of laws from 1935 to 1939 which restricted arms sales, loans, and transport of goods with nations at war

Front 36

"Cash and Carry"

Back 36

- Policy that required belligerent nations to pay cash for goods and transport them on their own ships

Front 37

Munich Conference (1938)

Back 37

- Hoping to avoid war, Britain and France agreed to let Germany occupy the Sudetenland, a German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia

Front 38

Axis

Back 38

- Name for nations fighting the Allies, including Germany, Italy and Japan

Front 39

Allies (WWII)

Back 39

- Name for powers fighting Germany, eventually including the US, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union

Front 40

Lend-Lease

Back 40

- Policy that circumvented "cash and carry" by loaning rather than selling arms to the Allies

Front 41

Pearl Harbor

Back 41

- A U.S. naval base in Hawaii that the Japanese attacked on December 7, 1941

Front 42

Internment Camps

Back 42

- Camps in the U.S. that held people of Japanese descent under armed guard in isolated areas

Front 43

Manhattan Project

Back 43

- Code-named secret U.S. gov't research program to produce the atomic bomb

Front 44

"Long Telegram"

Back 44

- Influential 5,000-word missive by diplomat George F. Kennan that outlined why American needed to develop an aggressive foreign policy aimed at containing Soviet expansionist impulses

Front 45

Containment

Back 45

- Label affixed to multiple American foreign policy initiatives meant to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding its influence around the globe

Front 46

Iron Curtain

Back 46

- Winston Churchill's characterization of the military and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union that separated Western and Eastern Europe into free and dominated halves

Front 47

NATO

Back 47

- Post WWII military alliance between the US and Western European powers

Front 48

Truman Doctrine

Back 48

- Foreign policy initiative that gave the U.S. an active role in stopping the global spread of communism by supporting "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures"

Front 49

Marshall Plan (1948-1952)

Back 49

Aimed to restore European's faith in capitalism by sending $13 billion ($119 billion in today's dollars) overseas to rebuild Europe's ruined roads, bridges, factories and farms

Front 50

Berlin airlift (1948-1949)

Back 50

- Americans and British used planes to resupply West Berlin to stymie the Soviet blockade of the city

Front 51

McCarthyism

Back 51

- Gov't's anti-communist crusade named for Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin, who, along with the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), spearheaded numerous governmental investigations into communist activities, many of them spurious

Front 52

Bay of Pigs operation (1961)

Back 52

- Failed attempt to use an amphibious invasion by Cuban exiles to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro

Front 53

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

Back 53

- Showdown between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over Khrushchev's decision to place Soviet missiles aimed at America in Communist Cuba