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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What characterized the "new era" as described by Herbert Hoover in 1920?
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-A freewheeling economy and a heightened sense of individualism
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What was the unemployment rate as America returned to a peacetime economy in 1920-21?
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-20%
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What was President Calvin Coolidge's attitude toward government regulation of business?
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-promoted business and limited government
-reduced govt. control over the economy -cut taxes for corporations and wealthy people -Federal Trade Commission limited its power to regulate business |
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What industry formed the keystone of the American economy in the 1920s?
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-automobile industry
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What was welfare capitalism and by whom was it created?
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-programs for workers
-improve safety and sanitation, paid vacations, pension plans - businessess to encourage loyalty to the company -discourage labor unions |
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What diluted the influence of women in politics in the 1920s?
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-male dominance of both political parties
-few female candidates -lack of experience in voting -poll taxes and literacy tests |
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What did the flapper symbolize in 1920s culture?
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-reflected and propelled the birth control movement
-sexual freedom |
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What did Marcus Garvey urge African Americans to do?
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-rediscover Africa heritage
-take pride in their own achievements -maintain racial purity by avoiding miscegenation |
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What was the Harlem Renaissance?
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-new Negros
-mix of black artists, sculptors, novelists, musicians, and poets -set out to create a distinctive Black culture that drew on their identities as African Americans |
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From what demographic were baseball players and fans drawn?
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-working class
-blacks and whites had their own segregated leagues |
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What was the relationship between loosening bonds of community, religion, and family and the emergence of a distinct youth culture in the 1920s?
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-the youth felt less pressure to imitate their elders and more freedom to develop their own culture
-college "rah-rah" became a fad |
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What was the purpose of the Johnson-Reed immigrant bill passed by Congress?
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-controlled unwanted immigrants
-limited the number of immigrants to no more than 161,000 a year -gave Europe a quote of 2% |
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What was the issue in the 1925 Scopes Trial?
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-the teaching of evolution in public schools
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Why did many Americans respond negatively to the presidential campaign of Alfred E. Smith in 1928?
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-denounced immigration quotas
-signed anti-Klan bill -opposed prohibition -they didn't like his Catholic religion |
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What characterized the distribution of wealth in America when Herbert Hoover became president?
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-badly distributed
-farmers suffered low prices and indebtedness -industrial workers failed to keep up with productivity and corporate profits -1% wealthiest received 15% of the nations income |
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What was President Herbert Hoover's ideas about how business should operate in the U.S.?
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-we should use the powers of govt. to cushion the situation
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What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)?
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-a federal agency empowered to lend govt. funds to endangered banks and corporations
-pump money into the economy at the top, in the long run the people at the bottom would benefit |
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What groups were hit hardest by the Great Depression?
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-south rural
-tenant famers and sharecroppers |
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By the early 1930s, how were unemployed workers demonstrating their discontent?
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-expressed the Mexicans were dangerous aliens who took jobs from Americans
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How did the Communist Party USA involve itself in the "Scottsboro Boys" case of 1931?
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-fight against racism
-sent a team of lawyers to defend them and saved them from the electric chair |
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What was Franklin D. Roosevelt 's political experience before he was elected president?
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-democrate
-Woodrow Wilsons admin. secretary of navy -he believed in helping the poor -governor of New York |
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What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's greatest challenge in winning the 1932 presidential campaign?
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-unite Democrats from the Northeast, South, and west
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What was the New Deal's three-part goal?
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-provide RELEIF to the destitute
-economic RECOVERY of farms and businesses -REFORM the govt. and economy -relief, recovery, and reform |
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What woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador?
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-Eleanor Roosevelt
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How did the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthen American banks?
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-decided which banks could reopen and release funds to bolster banks assets
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What was the purpose of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation?
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-guaranteed bank customers that the Federal govt. would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed
-separation of commercial banks and investment banks |
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What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority?
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-supply impoverish rural communities which cheap electricity
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Why was the National Recovery Administration unable to regulate business effectively?
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-large corporations wrote does that saved primarily their own interests rather than the needs of workers or the welfare of the national economy
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What farm aid program did the Supreme Court find unconstitutional in 1936?
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-AAA
-Agricultural Adjustment Administration |
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How did reform acts targeted at the agricultural sector discriminate against tenant farmers?
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-Enriched large farmers while it impoverished small farmers who rented rather than owned their land
-landlords controlled the distribution of the benfits and denied benefits to many of their tenants |
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What state became the destination for people fleeing the Dust Bowl?
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-California
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What alternative plan to the New Deal was supported by Dr. Francis Townsend and Senator Huey P. Long?
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-the redistribution of income through taxation
-Townsend= "Old age revolving pension" $200 in 30 days -Long= "Share our wealth" poor over the rich |
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What New Deal program included jobs for artists?
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-WPA
-works progress administration |
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What protest technique was used by striking workers at General Motors in 1937?
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-sit down strike
-halting the production of cars |
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What were the provisions of the 1935 Social Security Act?
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-old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children,and unemployment insurance.
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How were Native Americans affected by the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act?
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-provided little economic aid
-restored their rights to own land -have them greater control over their own affairs -could vote on whether they should live under the IRA |
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What was FDR's plan to restructure the Supreme Court?
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-court-packing plan
-added one new justice for each existing judge who served for ten years and was over 70 |
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What actions did President Roosevelt take to change the economy in 1937?
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-cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending
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What were the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act?
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-provided workers with a decent standard of living
-set standards for wages and hours |
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Did the New Deal cause Americans to abandon democracy?
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-no it secured democracy
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What nations were turning to fascism, militarism, and violenet nationalism in the 1930s?
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-Italy, Japan, Germany
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What was FDR's 'Good Neighbor Policy'?
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-the US would not depend n the military to exercise its influence in the region
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What was the objective of the 1937 Neutrality Act?
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-avoid entanglement in foreign wars
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What event caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany in 1939?
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-Hitler's invasion of Poland
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What was the significance of the Battle of Britain in 1940?
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-handed Hitler his first defeat
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What was agreed upon by the Axis Powers in the Tripartite Pact of 1940?
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-Germany, Italy, and Japan agreed to a defensive alliance among imperial powers.
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What was an immediate consequence of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
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-america declared war on Japan
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What was the relationshiop between ethnic minorities and the armed forces of the U.S. during World War II?
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-fighting racism at home
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What group headed the War Production Board?
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-business leaders, large corporations
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What was the significance of the battles in the Coral Sea and at Midway Island
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-reversed the balance of naval power in the Pacific and put the Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war
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What technological development led to Hitler's withdrawal of U-boats from the North Atlantic?
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-radar detectors
-production of sufficient destroyer escorts for merchant vessels |
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What was the significance of the Allied landing in Sicily in 1943?
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-Allies invaded the mainland and the Italian govt. surrendered
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What was the marital/family status of most women in the labor force during World War II?
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-The majority of married women remained at home
-but women also worked for wages |
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What prompted President Roosevelt to establish the Committee on Fair Employment Practices to address discrimination?
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-blacks would march to Washington if the president did not eliminate discrimination in defense industries
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What was the experience of African American workers in defense factories with regard to racial equality?
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-9 out of 10 black Americans lived below poverty line
-they earned 39% of whites' wages |
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Why was the U.S. reluctant to accept Jewish refugees?
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-Roosevelt didn't want to jeopardized his foreign policy or offend American voters
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What was discussed by the Big Three at the February 1945 Yalta Conference?
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-plans for the post war world
-creation of a new international peacekeeping organization (UN) |
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Why was the Allied capture of Okinawa in 1944 especially crucial?
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-because they planed to launch an attack on the Japanese homeland
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Why did American scientists begin developing a superbomb in 1942?
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-prepare for their final attack on Japan
-develop something before Germans did |
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Why did the U.S. drop a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki just three days after bombing Hiroshima?
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-Japanese govt. still refused to surrender
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