High-Yield Facts - Gi, Endocrine, Heme/onc

Front 1

patient presents with sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Exam reveals peritoneal signs and AXR shows free air under the diaphragm. Management?

Back 1

emergent laparotomy to reparir perforated viscus, likely stomach

Front 2

most likely cause of acute lower GI bleed in patients over 40

Back 2

diverticulosis

Front 3

diagnostic modality used when ultrasound is equivocal for cholecystitis

Back 3

HIDA scan

Front 4

sentinel loop on AXR

Back 4

acute pancreatitis

Front 5

inspiratory arrest during palpation of the RUQ

Back 5

Murphy's sign, seen in acute cholecystitis

Front 6

most common organism causing diarrhea

Back 6

campylobacter

Front 7

diarrhea and camping

Back 7

giardia

Front 8

traveler's diarrhea

Back 8

ETEC

Front 9

diarrhea and church picnics/mayonnaise

Back 9

s. aureus (?)

Front 10

diarrhea and uncooked hamburgers

Back 10

E. coli O157:H7

Front 11

diarrhea and uncooked rice

Back 11

bacillus cereus

Front 12

diarrhea and poultry/eggs

Back 12

salmonella

Front 13

diarrhea and raw seafood

Back 13

vibrio, HAV

Front 14

diarrhea and AIDS

Back 14

isospora, cryptosporidium, MAC

Front 15

diarrhea and pseudoappendicitis

Back 15

yersinia

Front 16

25 year old jewish male with pain and watery diarrhea after meals. fistulas between bowel and skin adn nodular lesions on tibias

Back 16

crohn's disease

Front 17

inflammatory disease of the colon with increased risk of colon CA

Back 17

ulcerative colitis

Front 18

extraintestinal manifestations of IBD

Back 18

uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, primary sclerosing cholangitis

Front 19

medical treatment for IBD

Back 19

5-aminosalicylic acid +/- sulfasalazine and steroids during acute exacerbations

Front 20

difference between mallory-weiss tears and boerhaave tears

Back 20

mallory-weiss: superficial tear in the esophageal mucosa and boerhaave: full-thickness esophageal rupture

Front 21

charcot's triad

Back 21

RUQ pain, fever/chills, and jaundice in the setting of ascending cholangitis

Front 22

Reynold's pentad

Back 22

charcot's triad plus shock and mental status changes, with suppurative ascending cholangitis

Front 23

medical treatment for hepatic encephalopathy

Back 23

decrease protein intake, lactulose, neomycin

Front 24

first step in the management of a patient with an acute GI bleed

Back 24

ABCs

Front 25

4 year old with oliguria, petechiae, and jaundice following an illness with bloody diarrhea. Most likely diagnosis and cause?

Back 25

HUS due to e. coli O157:H7

Front 26

post HBV exposure treatment

Back 26

HBV immunoglobulin

Front 27

classic causes of drug-induced hepatitis

Back 27

TB meds (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide), acetaminophen, and tetracycline

Front 28

40 year old obese femal with elevated alk phos, elevated bilirubin, pruritis, dark urine, and clay-colored stools

Back 28

biliary tract obstruction

Front 29

hernia with highest risk of incarceration?

Back 29

femoral hernia

Front 30

management of acute pancreatitis

Back 30

NPO, IVF, O2, analgesia, time

Front 31

most common cause of hypothyroidism

Back 31

hashimotos

Front 32

labs in hashimotos

Back 32

high tsh, low t4, antimicrosomal ab's

Front 33

exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, decreased TSH

Back 33

graves'

Front 34

most common cause of cushing's

Back 34

iatrogenic steroid administration; 2nd is cushing's disease

Front 35

hypocalcemia, high phos, low pth

Back 35

hypoparathyroid

Front 36

headache, weakness, polyuria, HTN, tetany; hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Back 36

primary hyperaldosteronism - conn's or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Front 37

tachycardia, swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered MS, panic

Back 37

pheo

Front 38

should alpha or beta antagonists be used first in treating pheo?

Back 38

alpha (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)

Front 39

pt with hx of lithium use with lots of urine

Back 39

nephrogenic DI

Front 40

treatment fo central DI

Back 40

DDVAP

Front 41

post-op patient with lots of pain with hyponatremia and normal volume

Back 41

SIADH due to stress

Front 42

antidiabetic agent assoc. with lactic acidosis

Back 42

metformin

Front 43

pt with weakness, n/v, weight loss, new skin pigmentation; hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

Back 43

primary adrenal insufficiency - addision's

Front 44

treatment for addison's

Back 44

replacement glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, iv fluids

Front 45

goal Hb A1c in pt with DM

Back 45

<7

Front 46

treatment of DKA

Back 46

fluids, insulin, aggressive replacement of lytes (K+)

Front 47

four causes of microcytic anemia

Back 47

TICS - thalassemia, iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia

Front 48

precipitants of hemolytic crisis in pts with G6PD

Back 48

sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans

Front 49

most common inherited form of hypercoagulability

Back 49

factor V leiden

Front 50

most common inherited form of hemolytic anemia

Back 50

spherocytosis

Front 51

dipure RBC aplasia

Back 51

diamond-blackfand anemia

Front 52

anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe-au-lait spots, microcephaly, pancytopenia

Back 52

fanconi's anemia

Front 53

medications and viruses that cause aplastic anemia

Back 53

chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chmo agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV

Front 54

how to distinguish p vera from secondary polycythemia

Back 54

p vera should have normal O2 sat and low epo levels

Front 55

TTP pentad?

Back 55

FAT RN
fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, neuro abnormalitites

Front 56

HUS triad

Back 56

anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure

Front 57

treatment for TTP

Back 57

emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs

Front 58

treatmetn for ITP in kids

Back 58

usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG &/or corticosteroids

Front 59

what are increased in DIC?

Back 59

fibrin split products and D-dimer; platelets, fibrinogen, and Hct are decreased

Front 60

boy with hemarthrosis and increased PTT

Back 60

hemophilia A or B

Front 61

girl with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery & with menses, normal/increased PTT and increased bleeding time

Back 61

von willebrands

Front 62

treatment for von willebrands

Back 62

desmopressin, ffp or cryoprecipitate

Front 63

findings in multiple myeloma

Back 63

monoclonal gammopathy, bence jones proteinuria, punched out lesions on xray

Front 64

reed sternberg cells

Back 64

hodgkin's

Front 65

boy with fever, weight loss, night sweats & anterior mediastinal mass

Back 65

non-hodgkin's

Front 66

microcytic anemia with decreased iron, decreased TIBC, normal/increased ferritin

Back 66

anemia of chronic disease

Front 67

microcytic anemia with decreased iron, increased TIBC, decreased ferritin

Back 67

iron deficiency

Front 68

80 year old with fatigue, LAN, splenomegaly, isolated lymphocytosis

Back 68

CLL

Front 69

late, life-threatening complication of CML

Back 69

blast crisis - fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia

Front 70

auer rods

Back 70

AML

Front 71

AML subtype associated with DIC

Back 71

M3

Front 72

electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome

Back 72

decreased Ca, increased K, increased phos, increased uric acid

Front 73

treatment for AML M3

Back 73

retinoic acid

Front 74

heinz bodies

Back 74

intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy

Front 75

AI disorder with defect in GP IIb/IIIa receptor and decreased platelet aggregation

Back 75

glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Front 76

significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients; treatment?

Back 76

iron overload; deferoxamine