General Biology 2 - Chemistry Of Water, Molecules, And Macromolecules

Front 1

Type of chemical bond where electrons are not shared equally.

Back 1

Polar covalent bond

Front 2

Type of chemical bond where electrons are shared equally.

Back 2

Non-polar covalent bond

Front 3

A substance's polarity causes its molecules to associate with molecules like itself. This accounts for a substance's "stickiness" to other identical substances.

Back 3

Cohesion

Front 4

A substance's ability to absorb and retain heat without increasing in temperature.

Back 4

Specific heat

Front 5

The cooling method whereby water turns into a vapor and dissipates into the air.

Back 5

Evaporative cooling

Front 6

A liquid that dissolves other substances.

Back 6

Solvent

Front 7

A solvent consisting of water.

Back 7

Aqueous solution

Front 8

Molecules that dissolve in water.

Back 8

Hydrophilic

Front 9

Molecules that do not dissolve in water.

Back 9

Hydrophobic

Front 10

When water is combined with a hydrophobic substance, the solution forms ____.

Back 10

Phases

Front 11

Logarithmic scale that measures acidity of water.

Back 11

pH scale

Front 12

Ions that contribute to the acidity of water.

Back 12

Hydrogen (H+)

Front 13

Ions that contribute to the basicity of water.

Back 13

Hydroxide (OH-)

Front 14

Compounds that prevent dramatic shifts in pH levels.

Back 14

Buffers

Front 15

Molecules found in living things or molecules that are the product of living things.

Back 15

Organic molecules

Front 16

All organic molecules contain ____.

Back 16

Carbon (C)

Front 17

An arrangement of atoms into a group that performs a particular function.

Back 17

Functional group

Front 18

A relatively large molecule formed through the linkage of smaller units.

Back 18

Macromolecule

Front 19

Complex carbohydrates are made up of ____.

Back 19

Sugars

Front 20

Lipids are made up of ____.

Back 20

Fatty acids

Front 21

Proteins are made up of ____.

Back 21

Amino acids

Front 22

Nucleic acids are made up of ____.

Back 22

Nucleotides

Front 23

Polymers are formed by the linkages of smaller building blocks called ____.

Back 23

Monomers

Front 24

Multiple sugars linked together make a ____.

Back 24

Complex carbohydrate

Front 25

Two other names for complex carbohydrate.

Back 25

Polymer
Polysaccharide

Front 26

Another name for polymer.

Back 26

Complex carbohydrate

Front 27

Plants store sugars as ____.

Back 27

Starch

Front 28

Animals store sugars as ____.

Back 28

Glycogen

Front 29

What do animal cells use for support between cells?

Back 29

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Front 30

What do plant cells use for support between cells?

Back 30

Cell walls

Front 31

Lipids tend to be (hydrophobic/hydrophilic).

Back 31

Hydrophobic

Front 32

The membrane bilayer is made up of ____.

Back 32

Phospholipids

Front 33

Steroids belong to which group of macromolecule?

Back 33

Lipids

Front 34

Proteins are formed from polymers of ____.

Back 34

Amino acids

Front 35

Number of dimensions in a protein that is greater than two atoms.

Back 35

Three

Front 36

What is the primary structure of a protein made up of?

Back 36

Specific sequence of amino acids

Front 37

Two types of secondary structures of a protein.

Back 37

Alpha helix
Pleated sheet

Front 38

Two types of tertiary structures of a protein.

Back 38

Irregular contortions caused by side-chain bonding and disulfide bridges.

Front 39

What causes a protein to have a quaternary structure?

Back 39

Two or more protein molecules aggregating

Front 40

Linear sequence of amino acids (not protein).

Back 40

Polypeptide

Front 41

The four bases of DNA.

Back 41

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine