Gateways To The Mind And Behavior - Coon Chapter 3

Front 1

Study of progressive changes in behaviors and abilities from conception until death

Back 1

Human Development

Front 2

Inborn, biological traits (hereditary)

Back 2

Nature

Front 3

Learned through experience

Back 3

Nurture

Front 4

More likely to develop a trait due to heredity

Back 4

Genetic Predisposition

Front 5

Negative influences on prenatal development

Back 5

Teratogens

Front 6

What are the teratogens harmful to prenatal development?

Back 6

Drugs, alcohol, smoking, caffeine, malnutrition, pollutants, toxins, diseases, prolonged stress

Front 7

Reflex that aids survival by helping infants to avoid falling

Back 7

Grasping Reflex

Front 8

Reflex responsible for head turning to nurse

Back 8

Rooting Reflex

Front 9

Reflex for rhythmic nursing

Back 9

Sucking Reflex

Front 10

Reflex where babies position is changed abruptly when he/she hears a loud noise (startled hugging position)

Back 10

Moro Reflex

Front 11

The physical core of personality, including emotional and perceptual sensitivity, energy levels, typical mood and so forth

Back 11

Temperament

Front 12

What are the three types of temperaments in babies

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1. Easy Children

2. Difficult Children

3. Slow-to-warm-up

Front 13

An especially close emotional bond that infants form with their parents, caregivers, or others

Back 13

Emotional attachment

Front 14

A stable and positive emotional bond

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Secure attachment

Front 15

An anxious emotional bond marked by a tendency to avoid reunion with a parent/caregiver

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Insecure-avoidant attachment

Front 16

Anxious emotional bond marked by both a desire to be with a parent or caregiver and some resistance to being reunited

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Insecure-Ambivalent Attachment

Front 17

Who was the attachment types theory created by

Back 17

Mary Ainsworth

Front 18

What are the 3 parenting styles?

Back 18

1. Authoritarian Parents

2. Overly Permissive Parents

3. Authoratative Parents

Front 19

Parenting style: Enforces rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority

Back 19

Authoritarian Parents

Front 20

Parenting style: Give little guidance, allow too much freedom, or don't hold children accountable for their actions

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Overly Permissive Parents

Front 21

Parenting style: supply firm and consistance guidance, combined with love and affection

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Authoratative Parents

Front 22

Mental concepts

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Schemes

Front 23

The modification of existing mental patterns to fit new demands

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Accomodation

Front 24

The application of existing mental patterns to new situations

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Assimilation

Front 25

Philosopher, psychologist, and keen observer of children. Created Theory of cognitive development

Back 25

Jean Piaget

Front 26

Newborns unable to create inter representations; sensory input and motor responses become coordinated; lack object permance

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Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)

Front 27

Period of intellectual development during which children begin to use language and think symbolically, yet remain intuitive and egocentric in their thought. Do not understand concept of volume.

Back 27

Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)

Front 28

Period of intellectual development during which children become able to use the concepts of time, space, volume and numbers in ways that are simplified/concrete rather than abstract. Idea of Conservation (concept that mass, weight and volume remain unchanged when the shape of object changes)

Back 28

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

Front 29

Period of intellectual development characterized by thinking that includes abstract, theoretical and hypothetical ideas. Gain full intellectual abilities.

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Formal Operational Stage (11 years & up)

Front 30

Theory that a child's thinking develops through dialogues with more capable person

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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

Front 31

Refers to the range of taks a child cannot yet master alone, but that he or she can accomplish with the guidance of a more capable partner

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Zone of proximal development

Front 32

What is the focus of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Back 32

We face a specigic psychosocial dilemma or "crisis" at each stage of life

Front 33

Conflict between personal impulses and the social work

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Psychosocial dilemma

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Stage 1 of Erkison's Theory

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Newborns)

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Stage 2 of Erikson's Theory

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Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3 years)- Encouraging to try new skills or overprotecting for trying new things

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Stage 3 of Erikson's Theory

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Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)- giving children freedom to explore and play or parents criticizing severely, preventing play, discouraging questions

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Stage 4 of Erikson's Theory

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Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)- Win praise for productive activities or efforts are regarded as messy and childish

Front 38

Stage 5 of Erikson's Theory

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Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)

Front 39

Stage 6 of Erikson's Theory

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Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood)

Front 40

Stage 7 of Erikson's Theory

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Generativity vs. Stagnation- interest in guiding next generation , providing emotional balance, or stagnant concern with one's own needs and comfort; life loses meaning

Front 41

Stage 8 of Erikson's Theory

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Integrity vs. Despair- self respect for aging or dread/fear of death leading to depression