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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation? |
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA] |
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What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in pure water at 25 degrees? |
10^-7 mol/L |
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Define an equivelent (eq) |
One equivalent is 1 mol of an ionised substance divided by its valence |
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Define an osmol |
The number of moles contributing to osmotic pressure in a solution |
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Define osmolarity |
The number of osmosis per volume of solution |
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Define oncotic pressure |
The osmotic pressure exerted by proteins |
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What is the Gibbs-Donnan equation? |
[Kx] + [Clx] = [Ky] + [Cly] |
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What is the Donnan effect? |
In the presence of a non-diffusible ion (usually anionic proteins) the distribution of other ions, which are diffusible is affected in a predictable way. |
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What is the Nernst equation? |
The Nernst equation calculates the equilibrium potential for an ion. An ion will flow down its concentration gradient from inside-to-outside, or outside-to-inside a cell until the electrical gradient it creates stops it. |
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How is energy primarily stored? |
In the bonds of high energy phosphate compounds |
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What are the processes know as oxidation? |
combination of a substance with oxygen (O2), or loss of hydrogen, or loss of electrons |
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What are coenzymes? (in relation to energy production) |
Organic, non-protein substances that act as carriers for the products of oxidation. They may catalyse many reactions. |
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Name two examples of a coenzyme that causes oxidation by removing a hydrogen ion |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) |
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What is a nucleoside? |
Ribose or 2-deoxyribose combined with a purine or pyrimadine |
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What is a nucleotide? |
A nucleoside plus a phosphate group (PO4) |
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What is the electron transport chain? |
A series of enzymes (the flavoprotein cytochrome system) that transfers hydrogen along a mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient across the membrane. The protons can then flow down their gradient back across the membrane through complex V. Complex V harnesses this energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. |
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What is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway? |
The normal pathway of glycolysis, which breaks down glucose to pyruvate. |
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What are the important steps in glycolysis? |
Preparatory phase -Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase (uses one ATP) and then through several reactions to GADP Pay-off phase - (ATP is produced)Phosphoenolpyruvateis converted to pyruvate |
