Forensics Final Exam Review

Front 1

Why aren't digital images taaken at a crime scene used in court?

Back 1

Digital images can easily be changed; easy photo manipulation

Front 2

Why is it so important for investigators to secure a crime scene?

Back 2

To prevent entrance of unwanted personnel and to prevent any tampering with the crime scene/index

Front 3

What type of search is most effective in large open areas, such as fields and parks?

Back 3

Line or strip method OR Grid method

Front 4

What happens to evidence once it has been found?

Back 4

Documented, pictures taken, bagged, and labeled

Front 5

How much evidence should be collected at a crime scene?

Back 5

Everything that pertains to the crime scene; evidence that has been marked

Front 6

Authentication in evidence collection refers to?

Back 6

Whether the evidence is collected properly and made tamper proof

Front 7

Videotaping for documentation purposes at a crime scene is an acceptable substitute for...

Back 7

Nothing

Front 8

Why should disposable gloves be worn while handling and collecting evidence at a scene?

Back 8

To prevent contaminating evidence with your fingerprints

Front 9

List details of a rough sketch

Back 9

Documentation block, legend block, dimensions, technique of measurement used, cokmpass

Front 10

What is the first task of the first responded to a crime scene?

Back 10

To assist the victim

Front 11

Define fingerprints

Back 11

Friction ridge skin patterns composed of riges (hills) and furrows (valleys) found on fingers, palms, toes, and soles of feet

Front 12

Define plastic prints

Back 12

Fingerprint indentation in soft material (butter, putty, tar, etc.) and does not need processing

Front 13

Define latent prints

Back 13

Fingerprints that are not visible and require processing to make visible and suitable for analysis

Front 14

Define arch

Back 14

Fingerprint with no deltas or cores, formed by ridges entering from one side, rising slightly, and exiting on the opposite side

Front 15

Define loop

Back 15

Fingerprint with one delta and one core-must have one or more ridges that enter from one side of the print, recurve, and exit the same side

Front 16

Define whorl

Back 16

Fingerprint with one or more cores and at least two deltas

Front 17

Define ulnar loop

Back 17

Fingerprint in which the loop opens toward the little finger

Front 18

Define radial loop

Back 18

Fingerprint in which the loop opens toward the thumb

Front 19

Define accidental

Back 19

All other fingerprints that do not fit into any other category

Front 20

Define core

Back 20

Where the fingerprint curves

Front 21

What is AFIS?

Back 21

Automated Fingerprint Identification System which stores patterns and minutiae of prints in a computer system

Front 22

Is footwear evidence considered class or individual evidence?

Back 22

Usually considered class because many pairs of one style of shoe are made and sold each year. However, there could be individual minutiae points on the print that are specific only to that shoe

Front 23

What is the best casting material for footprints and tire impressions?

Back 23

dental stone

Front 24

What is the outer part of the tooth called?

Back 24

enamel

Front 25

When was the first recorded use of dentition for identification purposes?

Back 25

Roman Emperor Claudius's wife

Front 26

What is the importance of Doyle vs. Texas, 1952?

Back 26

First case that allowed human bite mark evidence in court for the identification of a biting assailant

Front 27

How many adult teeth do you have?

Back 27

32 teeth

Front 28

Bite mark patterns are always two opposing _________ marks of the entire dentition

Back 28

horseshoe/half-moon

Front 29

Bitemark photos should include what in the photograph?

Back 29

a dedicated dimensional standard (ruler)

Front 30

What is "elimination footwear"?

Back 30

shoes worn by firemen, police officers, etc. that are already known

Front 31

What type of items should you look for on the bottom of a shoe for it to be individual evidence?

Back 31

wear patterns, random items stuck in the sole of the shoes, or a specific characteristic of the shoe

Front 32

Define cortex

Back 32

The cortex is made up of keratin molecules aligned parallel to the length of the shaft and is embedded with pigment granules that give hair its color

Front 33

Define medullary index

Back 33

The ratio of the medulla to the shaft of the hair

Front 34

Define shaft

Back 34

The medulla, cortex, and cuticle together that make up the hair

Front 35

Define medulla

Back 35

The lengthwise central canal of a hair shaft

Front 36

Define cuticle

Back 36

The outermost layer of hair formed by overlapping scales

Front 37

Define morphology

Back 37

Scientific study of the forms and functions of living organisms; shape and size of an organism in relationship to its function

Front 38

List the human blood groups

Back 38

A, B, AB, O

Front 39

What type of blood spatter arises from a cut artery gushing blood?

Back 39

Arterial gushing

Front 40

What force causes the molecules of blood to be attracted to each other?

Back 40

Strong cohesive molecular forces

Front 41

What must be present in order to confirm a pattern is an arterial bloodstain pattern?

Back 41

Arterial damage

Front 42

The universal blood donor(s) for the ABO system are type?

Back 42

O-

Front 43

What are antibodies in terms of blood analysis?

Back 43

A protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances

Front 44

What determines what type of blood a patient can receive?

Back 44

the antigens a person has

Front 45

What are antigens in termsof blood analysis?

Back 45

Proteins found on the surface of red blood cells that determine blood type

Front 46

Define wipe

Back 46

A non-blood bearing object moves through a wet blood stain, altering the appearance of the original stain

Front 47

Define transfer

Back 47

Wet blood is transferred to a surface which did not have blood on it

Front 48

Define cast-off

Back 48

Blood that has been thrown from a secondary object (weapon or hand) onto a target other than the impact site

Front 49

Define contact stain

Back 49

Blood stains caused by contact between a wet blood-bearing surface and a second surface which may or may not have blood on it

Front 50

Define swipe

Back 50

The pattern created when a wet, bloody object comes in contact with a target surface, leaving a pattern, that has the features of the object making it useful for identifying the object

Front 51

Drugs have their most important effect on the?

Back 51

blood stream

Front 52

Why is vitreous humor importantin Forensic Toxicology?

Back 52

May be the only fluid remaining in a decomposed cadaver and may show the chemical abnormalities that suggest the cause of death

Front 53

What is the legal limit of BAC for consumers over age 21?

Back 53

0.08

Front 54

Drugs deemed to have the highest potential forabuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the Controlled Substances Act?

Back 54

Schedule II

Front 55

The part of the brain that coordinates movement and would be affected by alcohol is?

Back 55

the cerebellum

Front 56

The tranquilizers Valium and Librium are classified in which schedule of the Controlled Substances Act?

Back 56

Schedule IV

Front 57

Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged in?

Back 57

sweat, urine, tears, semen, or saliva

Front 58

A breath test can be used to analyze what substance?

Back 58

blood concentration and alcohol dosage

Front 59

The ratio of alcohol in the blood to alcohol in alveoli air is approximately?

Back 59

2100:1

Front 60

Some breath-testing devices for alcohol use ____ light to measure the quantity of alcohol trapped in a chamber

Back 60

infrared

Front 61

What is gas chromatography-mass spec test?

Back 61

Technique based of the detection of vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragment. The detection and displayof the spectra are basedon the mass-to-charge ratios of the ions. The method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative analysis

Front 62

A police officer performs a field test on a white powder, obtaining a purple color. The most likely drug present is?

Back 62

heroine

Front 63

Must a QD be handwritten?

Back 63

No

Front 64

Must a QD be on paper?

Back 64

No

Front 65

Define graphology

Back 65

study of handwriting and how it relates to personality

Front 66

What is an exemplar?

Back 66

Example or representative item usually in undamaged or less damaged condition to which a damaged item can be compared

Front 67

What renders a QD invalid?

Back 67

Nothing

Front 68

Can two people have identical handwriting?

Back 68

No

Front 69

List examples of non-requested handwriting samples

Back 69

checks, documents, etc.

Front 70

Explain the process of collecting requested handwriting samples

Back 70

The subject can't see the QD, be told how to spell something, or be told how to use punctuation. The dictated text should match some parts of the QD but should not include emotionally charged words. The subject must sign the text.

Front 71

Does handwriting change throughout life?

Back 71

Yes

Front 72

____ settled a Fifth Amendment Challenge by ruling that a handwriting exemplar is an identifying physical characteristic outside the boundaries of self-incrimination

Back 72

Gilbert v. California (1967)

Front 73

Define forgery

Back 73

counterfeit

Front 74

Define graphologist

Back 74

attempts to predict characteristic traits from handwriting examination

Front 75

Define code

Back 75

letter combinations or symbols used to represent words or concepts

Front 76

Define document examiner

Back 76

Person involved with the analysis and comparison of questioned documents with known material in order to identify whenever possible, the author or origin of the questioned document

Front 77

Define cipher

Back 77

message in which letters or symbols replace the actual letters in the message

Front 78

Where is nuclear DNA found?

Back 78

nucleus of a cell

Front 79

What is mDNA?

Back 79

mitochondrial DNA

Front 80

What is CODIS?

Back 80

a database of DNA profiles from convicted offenders; combined DNA index system

Front 81

Explain gel electrophooresis

Back 81

a technique used for the separation of DNA, RNA, or protein molecules using a electric field applied to a gel matrix

Front 82

Whis is DNA profiling used?

Back 82

It can compare DNA of someone known or not known and either convict or acquit a person or a crime

Front 83

Which bone is used to determine sex of an individual? Race?

Back 83

Sex - pelvis
Race - skull

Front 84

How can height of an individual be determined using bones?

Back 84

length of femur & formula

Front 85

Define Forensic Odontology

Back 85

Forensic dentistry-the application of the arts and sciences of densistry to the legal system

Front 86

Define Forensic Entomology

Back 86

The application of entomolgy to legal cases and insects associated with a dead body

Front 87

Define Forensic Anthropology

Back 87

Application of anthropology theory and methods, primarily human skeletal biology, taphonomy, and archaeological methods, to solve medicolegal problems

Front 88

Define Forensic Ballistics

Back 88

The science of analyzing firearm usage in crimes

Front 89

Define Forensic Toxicology

Back 89

The examination of all aspects of toxicology (the study of drugs and poisons that may have legal implications)

Front 90

Define Forensic Taphonomy

Back 90

Study of postmortem processes and their relationships to environmental contexts