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140 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
s/s of pump failure
tachy, s3 & s4 sounds, decreased Cardiac Output
Type of CVA caused by occlusion of cerebral artery
Thrombotic/ischemic
patho of a TIA or Embolic CVA
travels via carotid
aphasia characterized by inability to understand but able to communicate
expressive
decreased blood flow to the coronary artery
MI
Stable angina is characterized by
inbalance of O2 supply and demand and relieved with rest and nitro
abrupt and severe tissue deprivation of O2
Acute coronary syndrome
What does MONA stand for in tx of MI or unstable angina
morphin, Oxygen, Nitrates and Aspirin
s/s of PVD
cramping, pulses weak, ulcers on medial malleolus and severe leg edema
s/s of PAD
intermittent claudation, absent pulses, ulcers on tip of toes, heal, gangrene no edema
virshow's triad
injured endothellium, venous statis, hypercoagulability
classic s/s of DVT
calf or groin tenderness
2 types of COPD
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
s/s of COPD
ineffective chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea(late)
complications of COPD
acidosis (r HF) empyema
Chronic asthma is characterized by
(reversible) airway hyperresponsiveness, mucousal edema, mucus production
disease affecting the lung parenchyma in which bacteria deposits in alveoli > exudate formation > bronchopneumonia
TB
dtug tx for TB
INH
s/s of TB
low fever, night sweats, hemoptysis, fatigue
inflammation of the lung parenchyma that leads to arterial hypoxemia
pneumonia
presence of chough & sputum for at least 3 months in 2yrs
chronic bronchitis
disease characteried by decrease in pulmonary capillaries and ^ dead space > to R heart failure
Emphysema
life threatening complication of diarrhea
cardiac dysrythmias from K+ loss
incontinence caused by lack of sensation
reflex
incontinence caused by sneezing
stress
difference b/w urge and functional incontinence
urge is full bladder not enought time/functional is physical inability to reach toilet
enlarged glands that cause obstruction > changes in urination flow
BPH
s/s of chronic gastritis
pain relieved by food, B12 deficiency
diet for gastritis
avoid caffiene, spicy, ETOH
No list for GERD
NO: high fats, caffeine, smoking, beer, peppermint, carbonated drinks, tight clothes, eating 2hrs before bed
ulcers that occur in the gastro/duodenal mucosa
PUD
most common infection r/t PUD
H.pylori
PUD complications
hemorrhage, perforation, melena(black stool)
type of fracture that produces fragments
comminuted
complications of open fractures
osteomyelitis, tetanus & gangrene
common fracture in elderly when hand is used to break a fall
humeral fracture
fracture from fall on open-dorsi-flexed hand
Colle's fracture
Emergency fracture tx
ABC, immobilization, stabilize, ice, elevate, reduction
Fat embolism most commonly caused by
Pelvic/long bone fractures ages 20-30
assessment findings for hip fracture
shortened extremity, external hip rotation, adducted
complication of fractures that can lead to pulmonary embolism, ARDS, HF
Fat embolism b/c is occludes blood vessels
complication caused by a restictive cast, edema or hemorhage
compartment syndrome
tx for compartment syndrome
remove cast, elevate above heart, faciotomy
leading cause of amputations
PVD
post amputation rn mgmt
elevate on pillow 1st 24hr to prevent edema
risk and benefits to Hormone Replacement therapy
decrease of osteoporetic fractures, ^risk of colorectol cancer, breast cancer, heart attack, stroke
s/s of vaginitis
vag d/c, itching, irritation, odor
s/s of herpes
tingling, dysuria, swollen lymph nodes, vaginal d/c
rapid growing cauliflower like lesions causing turbulent urine flow
genital warts/HPV
what STD increases risk of cervical cancer
HPV/genital warts
What STD is often associated with gonorrhea
chlamydia
most prevelent std/"silent epidemic" (easier to dx in men)
Chlamydia (curable but can't undo complications)
what std can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
chlamydia
s/s of chlamydia
itching, burning, muscle pain, ulcers, dysuria
s/s of pelvic inflammatory disease
*abdominal pain, high fever, WBC in d/c, ^ sed. rate
inhereted group of disorders characterized by absent or decreased Hgb
Thalassemia
complication of sickle cell anemia
autosplenectomy
causes of folate deficiency
poot nutrition, chrone's disease, often coexists with b12 deficiency
B12 deficiency that results from malabsorption r/t decreased intrinsic factor
pernicious anemia
s/s of B12 deficiency
smooth, sore red tongue, confusion, parathesias in extremitis
s/s of iron deficiency
sore tongue, brittle nails, pica
s/s of anemia
weakness, fatigue, general malaise, pallor, sore tongue
cancer staging - interpret:
Tis, M0, N3
tumor is in situ, no metastasis, and 3 lymph nodes involved
test for prostate cancer
abnormal DRE > serum PSA
test for colon cancer
CEA
most common deadly cancer in men
lung, prostate, colorectol
most common deadly cancer in women
lung, breast, colorectol
risk factors for breast cancer
estrogen exposure, LATE menopause, nulliparity
risk factors for colorectol cancer
^age, IBS, low fiber diet, genital/breast cancer.
most common symptom of colorectol cancer
change in bowel habits, occult blood
s/s of testicular cancer
painless enlargement, appears gradually
most common luekemia in young children
ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
most common cancer
skin
where is skin cancer found in men/women
trunk/lower extremeties
what does ABCD stand for with skin cancer
asymmetry, border, color, diameter(>6mm)
what systems, organs are involved in lymphoma
spleen, GI, liver, bone marrow
s/s of hodgkin's lymphoma
painless enlargment lymph nodes
most common sign of bladder cancer
visible, painless hematuria
normal HCo3 values
22-26
normal PaCO2
35-45mmHg
conditions that cause resp. acidosis
COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax (hypoventilation)
causes of metabolic acidosis
diarrhea (loss of bicarb), diabetic ketoacidosis
causes of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting (loss of hydrochloric acid) suctioning, diuretics
physiological responses to acidosis
vfib, bradycardia, hyperkalemia, loss of conscienceness
physiological response to alkylosis
tachycardia, hypokalemia, vasodilation, hypocalcemia
safe Sao2 for emphysema pt with hypoxic drive
90%
what happens with intrathoracic pressure ^
lung collapse, medistinum shift to unaffected side, decrease in expansion
pulmonary embolism leads to what major complication
R ventrical HF
1st sign of hypoxia
anxiety
most common sign of pulomary embolism
dyspnea and tachypnea
order of dx test for pulmonary embolism
ultrasound > D-dimer > lung scan (perfusion) > angiogram
antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
what parts of the body are effected by cystic fibrosis and what is the first sign
respiratory, pancreas & sweat glands
chronic cough, then fatty stool, hypoxia
inhereted disease characterized by prolific & tenacious secretions > air trapping & hyperinflation
cystic fibrosis
s/s of asbestosis
DOE and non-productive cough
chemicals that cause occupational asthma
chlorine & ammonia
shock caused by hemorrahge, vomitting, fluid shift
hypovolemic tx fluid replacement LR or NS (crystalloids)
shock casued by unhealthy heart, MI, arrythmias
cardiogenic (fluid overload not depletion)
type of shock that includes septic, anaphylactic shock
distributive
BPM if heart is using AV node
40-60bpm
ECG with no discernible P waves
atrial fib
characterized by absence of audible heart beat, pulse & respirations
vfib
hallmark sign of HF
exercise intolerance
manifestations of L HF
pink tinged sputum, nocturnal cough, Proxismal nocturnal dyspnea, crackles, cheyne stokes
manifestations of R HF
edema, tachycardia, JVD, decreased UO
motiltiy disorder of the GI tract w/o inflammation
Irritable Bowel syndrome
disorder characterized by colicky pain relieved by passage of stool
IBS
complications of appendicitis
abscess, perforation > peritonitis
complications of peritonitis
paralytic ilieus, absess, hypovolemic shock, renal failure, septicemia
characteristics of Ulcerative colitis
starts in rectum & L colon, affects mucosal and submucosal layers, absess and ulcers, bloody diarrhea, curable
Chrohne's disease characteristics
R colon, cobblestone, fistula, fatty stool, no cure
diet for Ulceratice colitis and chrone's
low residue
major complication of ulcerative colitis
toxic megacolon
s/s of cirrhosis
jaundice, gynecomastia, palmar erythema, bilirubinuria
vessels that rupture in the lower esophagus
esophageal varices
what causes hepatic encephalopathy
build up of ammonia
characterized by pill rolling, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia
parkinsons
disease that used drug holidays to ^ drug therapy effectiveness
parkinsons
disease caused by a genetic defect characterized by choreiform mvmts
huntington's disease
s/s of MS
intention tremors, spacsticity, postive babinski's and diplopia
chronic, degenerative inflammation demylination of the myelin sheath
MS
disease where motor nuerons in the brainstem & spinal cord degenerate
ALS
chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular junction
myasthenia gravis
testing for myasthenia gravis
rapid but not lasting improvement with given tensilon IV
rapid progressive disorder characterized by acute paralysis usually following infection
guillain barre syndrome
halos around lights
glaucoma
deterioration of the macula causing loss of central vision
macular degeneration
opacity of the lens tx with lens implant
cataracts
inability to hear high pitched tones that naturally begins in midlife
presbycusis
swimmers ear (inflammation fo the external canal
otitis externa
most common childhood ear infection
otitis media
patho of type 2 diabetes
decrease tissue sensitivity > greater demand for insulin to produce same effect > secretory deficit
HHNS is common in what type of DM
type 2
ketone bodies in urine indicate
type 1 dm uncontrolled
early am hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia in the AM
somogyi effect - tx decrease evening NPH dose
hyperglycemia b/w 4am - 7am 2ndary to nocturnal release of growth hormone
dawn phenomenon tx by ^ prebedtime insulin
DM complication characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration and electolyte loss (acidosis)
Diabetic Acidosis
s/s of DKA
kussmauls breathing, 200-800 glucose, osmolality 300-500
s/s of HHNS
polyuria & dehydration, >600 glucose, no ketones
wear and tear disease, hypertrophic form of arthritis
OA