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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
s/s of pump failure
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tachy, s3 & s4 sounds, decreased Cardiac Output
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Type of CVA caused by occlusion of cerebral artery
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Thrombotic/ischemic
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patho of a TIA or Embolic CVA
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travels via carotid
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aphasia characterized by inability to understand but able to communicate
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expressive
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decreased blood flow to the coronary artery
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MI
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Stable angina is characterized by
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inbalance of O2 supply and demand and relieved with rest and nitro
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abrupt and severe tissue deprivation of O2
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Acute coronary syndrome
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What does MONA stand for in tx of MI or unstable angina
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morphin, Oxygen, Nitrates and Aspirin
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s/s of PVD
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cramping, pulses weak, ulcers on medial malleolus and severe leg edema
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s/s of PAD
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intermittent claudation, absent pulses, ulcers on tip of toes, heal, gangrene no edema
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virshow's triad
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injured endothellium, venous statis, hypercoagulability
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classic s/s of DVT
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calf or groin tenderness
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2 types of COPD
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emphysema and chronic bronchitis
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s/s of COPD
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ineffective chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea(late)
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complications of COPD
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acidosis (r HF) empyema
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Chronic asthma is characterized by
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(reversible) airway hyperresponsiveness, mucousal edema, mucus production
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disease affecting the lung parenchyma in which bacteria deposits in alveoli > exudate formation > bronchopneumonia
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TB
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dtug tx for TB
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INH
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s/s of TB
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low fever, night sweats, hemoptysis, fatigue
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inflammation of the lung parenchyma that leads to arterial hypoxemia
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pneumonia
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presence of chough & sputum for at least 3 months in 2yrs
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chronic bronchitis
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disease characteried by decrease in pulmonary capillaries and ^ dead space > to R heart failure
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Emphysema
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life threatening complication of diarrhea
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cardiac dysrythmias from K+ loss
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incontinence caused by lack of sensation
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reflex
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incontinence caused by sneezing
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stress
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difference b/w urge and functional incontinence
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urge is full bladder not enought time/functional is physical inability to reach toilet
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enlarged glands that cause obstruction > changes in urination flow
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BPH
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s/s of chronic gastritis
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pain relieved by food, B12 deficiency
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diet for gastritis
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avoid caffiene, spicy, ETOH
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No list for GERD
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NO: high fats, caffeine, smoking, beer, peppermint, carbonated drinks, tight clothes, eating 2hrs before bed
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ulcers that occur in the gastro/duodenal mucosa
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PUD
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most common infection r/t PUD
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H.pylori
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PUD complications
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hemorrhage, perforation, melena(black stool)
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type of fracture that produces fragments
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comminuted
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complications of open fractures
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osteomyelitis, tetanus & gangrene
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common fracture in elderly when hand is used to break a fall
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humeral fracture
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fracture from fall on open-dorsi-flexed hand
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Colle's fracture
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Emergency fracture tx
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ABC, immobilization, stabilize, ice, elevate, reduction
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Fat embolism most commonly caused by
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Pelvic/long bone fractures ages 20-30
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assessment findings for hip fracture
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shortened extremity, external hip rotation, adducted
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complication of fractures that can lead to pulmonary embolism, ARDS, HF
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Fat embolism b/c is occludes blood vessels
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complication caused by a restictive cast, edema or hemorhage
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compartment syndrome
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tx for compartment syndrome
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remove cast, elevate above heart, faciotomy
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leading cause of amputations
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PVD
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post amputation rn mgmt
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elevate on pillow 1st 24hr to prevent edema
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risk and benefits to Hormone Replacement therapy
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decrease of osteoporetic fractures, ^risk of colorectol cancer, breast cancer, heart attack, stroke
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s/s of vaginitis
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vag d/c, itching, irritation, odor
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s/s of herpes
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tingling, dysuria, swollen lymph nodes, vaginal d/c
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rapid growing cauliflower like lesions causing turbulent urine flow
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genital warts/HPV
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what STD increases risk of cervical cancer
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HPV/genital warts
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What STD is often associated with gonorrhea
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chlamydia
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most prevelent std/"silent epidemic" (easier to dx in men)
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Chlamydia (curable but can't undo complications)
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what std can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
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chlamydia
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s/s of chlamydia
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itching, burning, muscle pain, ulcers, dysuria
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s/s of pelvic inflammatory disease
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*abdominal pain, high fever, WBC in d/c, ^ sed. rate
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inhereted group of disorders characterized by absent or decreased Hgb
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Thalassemia
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complication of sickle cell anemia
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autosplenectomy
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causes of folate deficiency
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poot nutrition, chrone's disease, often coexists with b12 deficiency
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B12 deficiency that results from malabsorption r/t decreased intrinsic factor
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pernicious anemia
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s/s of B12 deficiency
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smooth, sore red tongue, confusion, parathesias in extremitis
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s/s of iron deficiency
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sore tongue, brittle nails, pica
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s/s of anemia
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weakness, fatigue, general malaise, pallor, sore tongue
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cancer staging - interpret:
Tis, M0, N3 |
tumor is in situ, no metastasis, and 3 lymph nodes involved
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test for prostate cancer
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abnormal DRE > serum PSA
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test for colon cancer
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CEA
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most common deadly cancer in men
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lung, prostate, colorectol
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most common deadly cancer in women
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lung, breast, colorectol
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risk factors for breast cancer
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estrogen exposure, LATE menopause, nulliparity
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risk factors for colorectol cancer
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^age, IBS, low fiber diet, genital/breast cancer.
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most common symptom of colorectol cancer
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change in bowel habits, occult blood
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s/s of testicular cancer
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painless enlargement, appears gradually
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most common luekemia in young children
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ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
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most common cancer
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skin
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where is skin cancer found in men/women
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trunk/lower extremeties
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what does ABCD stand for with skin cancer
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asymmetry, border, color, diameter(>6mm)
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what systems, organs are involved in lymphoma
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spleen, GI, liver, bone marrow
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s/s of hodgkin's lymphoma
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painless enlargment lymph nodes
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most common sign of bladder cancer
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visible, painless hematuria
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normal HCo3 values
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22-26
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normal PaCO2
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35-45mmHg
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conditions that cause resp. acidosis
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COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax (hypoventilation)
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causes of metabolic acidosis
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diarrhea (loss of bicarb), diabetic ketoacidosis
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causes of metabolic alkalosis
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vomiting (loss of hydrochloric acid) suctioning, diuretics
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physiological responses to acidosis
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vfib, bradycardia, hyperkalemia, loss of conscienceness
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physiological response to alkylosis
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tachycardia, hypokalemia, vasodilation, hypocalcemia
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safe Sao2 for emphysema pt with hypoxic drive
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90%
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what happens with intrathoracic pressure ^
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lung collapse, medistinum shift to unaffected side, decrease in expansion
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pulmonary embolism leads to what major complication
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R ventrical HF
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1st sign of hypoxia
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anxiety
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most common sign of pulomary embolism
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dyspnea and tachypnea
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order of dx test for pulmonary embolism
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ultrasound > D-dimer > lung scan (perfusion) > angiogram
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antidote for heparin
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protamine sulfate
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what parts of the body are effected by cystic fibrosis and what is the first sign
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respiratory, pancreas & sweat glands
chronic cough, then fatty stool, hypoxia |
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inhereted disease characterized by prolific & tenacious secretions > air trapping & hyperinflation
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cystic fibrosis
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s/s of asbestosis
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DOE and non-productive cough
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chemicals that cause occupational asthma
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chlorine & ammonia
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shock caused by hemorrahge, vomitting, fluid shift
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hypovolemic tx fluid replacement LR or NS (crystalloids)
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shock casued by unhealthy heart, MI, arrythmias
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cardiogenic (fluid overload not depletion)
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type of shock that includes septic, anaphylactic shock
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distributive
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BPM if heart is using AV node
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40-60bpm
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ECG with no discernible P waves
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atrial fib
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characterized by absence of audible heart beat, pulse & respirations
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vfib
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hallmark sign of HF
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exercise intolerance
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manifestations of L HF
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pink tinged sputum, nocturnal cough, Proxismal nocturnal dyspnea, crackles, cheyne stokes
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manifestations of R HF
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edema, tachycardia, JVD, decreased UO
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motiltiy disorder of the GI tract w/o inflammation
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Irritable Bowel syndrome
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disorder characterized by colicky pain relieved by passage of stool
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IBS
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complications of appendicitis
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abscess, perforation > peritonitis
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complications of peritonitis
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paralytic ilieus, absess, hypovolemic shock, renal failure, septicemia
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characteristics of Ulcerative colitis
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starts in rectum & L colon, affects mucosal and submucosal layers, absess and ulcers, bloody diarrhea, curable
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Chrohne's disease characteristics
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R colon, cobblestone, fistula, fatty stool, no cure
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diet for Ulceratice colitis and chrone's
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low residue
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major complication of ulcerative colitis
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toxic megacolon
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s/s of cirrhosis
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jaundice, gynecomastia, palmar erythema, bilirubinuria
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vessels that rupture in the lower esophagus
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esophageal varices
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what causes hepatic encephalopathy
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build up of ammonia
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characterized by pill rolling, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia
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parkinsons
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disease that used drug holidays to ^ drug therapy effectiveness
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parkinsons
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disease caused by a genetic defect characterized by choreiform mvmts
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huntington's disease
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s/s of MS
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intention tremors, spacsticity, postive babinski's and diplopia
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chronic, degenerative inflammation demylination of the myelin sheath
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MS
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disease where motor nuerons in the brainstem & spinal cord degenerate
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ALS
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chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular junction
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myasthenia gravis
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testing for myasthenia gravis
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rapid but not lasting improvement with given tensilon IV
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rapid progressive disorder characterized by acute paralysis usually following infection
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guillain barre syndrome
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halos around lights
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glaucoma
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deterioration of the macula causing loss of central vision
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macular degeneration
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opacity of the lens tx with lens implant
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cataracts
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inability to hear high pitched tones that naturally begins in midlife
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presbycusis
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swimmers ear (inflammation fo the external canal
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otitis externa
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most common childhood ear infection
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otitis media
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patho of type 2 diabetes
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decrease tissue sensitivity > greater demand for insulin to produce same effect > secretory deficit
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HHNS is common in what type of DM
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type 2
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ketone bodies in urine indicate
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type 1 dm uncontrolled
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early am hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia in the AM
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somogyi effect - tx decrease evening NPH dose
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hyperglycemia b/w 4am - 7am 2ndary to nocturnal release of growth hormone
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dawn phenomenon tx by ^ prebedtime insulin
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DM complication characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration and electolyte loss (acidosis)
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Diabetic Acidosis
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s/s of DKA
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kussmauls breathing, 200-800 glucose, osmolality 300-500
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s/s of HHNS
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polyuria & dehydration, >600 glucose, no ketones
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wear and tear disease, hypertrophic form of arthritis
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OA
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