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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. As classified in class, list the five types, and their included subtypes, of biological molecules that incorporate the steroid skeleton.
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Cholesterol
2. Bile acids 3. Adrenocorticoids 1. Glucocorticoids 2. Mineralocorticoids 4. Male sex hormones 1. Androgens 5. Female sex hormones 1. Estrogens 2. Progestins |
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Draw and number the steroid structure and correctly identify the position of individual substituents using the numbering system.
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4. Based on the ring fusion types within a steroid molecule predict whether or not the molecule would be active as a steroid hormone.
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a. TTT config
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5. Explain the significance of cholesterol and pregnenolone with regard to synthesis of the steroid hormones.
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Sex hormones (name them!) and adrenocorticoids (name them!) are synth’d fr cholesterol –side chain cleavage-> pregnenolone
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7. Explain how steroid sex hormones can have significant physiological effects even though they are usually found at very low nanomolar concentrations in the body.
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a. Such low concentrations of steroids can have major physiological effects because steroids receptors regulate gene expression.
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8. Explain how steroid receptors differ in general from cholinergic, adrenergic and other cell-surface receptors (cellular localization, protein structure, how the receptor affects gene transcription).
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a. They are soluble proteins located in cytosol or nucleus, not embedded in the cell membrane and interacting with their ligands in the extracellular fluid
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10. Some progestin molecules cause androgenic side effects like acne. How could a progestin activate both the progestin and androgen receptors?
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a. The steroid hormones and related drugs are very similar in structure, so many not be completely specific for their intended receptor – leads to adverse effects
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