Exam 1 - Chapter 9

Front 1

More mobility in joints means

Back 1

Less strength

The stronger the joint, the less mobility it has

Front 2

Synarthroses

Back 2

Immovable joints that are very strong because movement must be prevented

Front 3

Amphiarthroses

Back 3

Microscopic movement occurs and is stronger than freely movable joints

Front 4

Diarthroses or synovial joints

Back 4

Moveable joints at the ends of long bones

Front 5

Articular cartilages

Back 5

Cushion articulating surfaces to prevent bones from touching and reduce friction by having smooth surfaces lubricated by synovial fluid

Front 6

Synovial fluid function

Back 6

Lubrication

Nutrient distribution

Shock absorption

Front 7

Cartilage and fat pads of synovial joints

Back 7

Cartilage cushions joint and fat pads protect articular cartilages by filling the joint

Front 8

Function of accessory ligaments of synovial joints

Back 8

Support and strengthen joints

Front 9

Function of tendons in synovial joints

Back 9

Attach muscles around joint and help support joint

Front 10

Function of bursae in synovial joints

Back 10

Pockets of synovial fluid to cushion areas where tendons/ligaments rub

Front 11

Stabilizing factors of synovial joints

Back 11

Prevent injury by limiting range of motion

Collagen fibers, articulating surfaces and menisci, other bones/muscles/fat pads, tendons of articulating bones

Front 12

Types of movement at synovial joints

Back 12

Linear motion (gliding)

Angular motion increases/decreases angle of 2 bones

Front 13

Flexion/extension

Back 13

Angular motion

Flexion reduces angle and extension increases it

Front 14

Hyperextension

Back 14

- Angular motion

- extension past anatomical positions

Front 15

Abduction/adduction

Back 15

Angular motion

Abduction moves away from midline

Adduction moves towards midline

Front 16

Circumduction

Back 16

Angular motion

Circular motion with no rotation

Front 17

Rotation

Back 17

Direction of rotation from anatomical position

Medial rotation - inward rotation towards axis

Lateral rotation - outward rotation away from axis

Pronation - palms posterior, rotates forearm with radius over ulna

Supination- anatomical position of forearm, like holding bowl of soup

Front 18

Inversion/eversion

Back 18

Inversion twists sole of foot inward medially

Everson twists sole of foot outward laterally

Front 19

Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

Back 19

Dorsiflexion flexes ankles so toes lift up

Pantar flexion is extension at ankles so toes are pointed

Front 20

Opposition

Back 20

Thumb movement towards fingers/palm (grasping)

Front 21

Protraction/retraction

Back 21

Protraction moves anteriorly (pushing out)

Retraction moves posteriorly (pulling back)

Front 22

Elevation/depression

Back 22

Elevation moves up superiorly

Depression moves down inferiorly

Front 23

Intervertebral articulations

Back 23

Gliding joints separated by intervertebral disc's

Ligaments bind and stabilize

Front 24

Movements of vertebral column

Back 24

Flexion bends anteriorly

Extension bends posteriorly

Lateral flexion bends laterally

Rotation

Front 25

Gliding joints

Back 25

Flattened or slightly curved faces

Limited motion (nonaxial)

Wrists and ankles

Front 26

Hinge joints

Back 26

Angular motion in single plane (monaxial)

Knee, elbow

Front 27

Pivot joints

Back 27

Rotation only (monaxial)

Atlas and axis

Front 28

Ellipsodial joints

Back 28

Oval articular face within a depression

Motion in 2 planes (biaxial)

Front 29

Saddle joints

Back 29

2 concave faces, straddles (biaxial)

Thimb

Front 30

Ball and socket joints

Back 30

Round articular face in a depression (triaxial)

Most movement, weakest joints

Shoulder, hip

Front 31

Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Back 31

Provides most motion but is the weakest joint

Supported by skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, 4 bursae

Ball and socket diarthroses

Between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

Front 32

Elbow joint

Back 32

Stable hinge joint due to interlocking bones, thick capsule, and strong ligaments

Front 33

Coxal (hip) joint

Back 33

Strong ball and socket diarthroses because of acetabulum, mostly bony socket, strong capsule, and ligaments/muscles for support

Front 34

Knee joint

Back 34

Complicated hinge joint that has changing contact points due to condyles rolling

Front 35

Articulations of knee joint

Back 35

2 femur-tibia articulations at medial and lateral epicondyles

1 between patella and patellar surface of femur

7 major ligaments/13 bursae

Very strong when extended but very weak when flexed

Front 36

Strain

Back 36

Excessive exertion stretches tendons or muscles

Front 37

Sprain

Back 37

Ligaments with torn collagen fibers

Front 38

Bursitis

Back 38

Inflammation of bursae from excessive stress or over exertion

Front 39

Dislocation (luxation)

Back 39

Particulating surfaces are forced out of position causing damage to articular cartilage, ligaments, and joint capsule (collateral damage)

Front 40

Subluxation

Back 40

A partial dislocation with no damage to accessories structures

Front 41

Slipped disc

Back 41

A bulge in anulus fibrosus that invades vertebral canal

Front 42

Herniated disc

Back 42

Nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus and presses on spinal cord or nerves

Front 43

Arthritis

Back 43

Form of rheumatism that damages articular cartilages of synovial joints

Front 44

Osteoarthritis

Back 44

Caused by the wear and tear of joint surfaces or genetic factors affecting college information. Generally found in people over age 60

Front 45

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 45

An inflammatory condition caused by infection, allergy, or auto immune disease. Involves the immune system attacking joints and causing them to fall apart or lose shape

Front 46

Gouty arthritis

Back 46

Occurs when crystals of uric acid or calcium salts form within synovial fluid due to metabolic disorders