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41 Cards in this Set
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Chemical substances produced or released by an endocrine gland and transported by the blood to a specific target tissue.
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Hormones
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A mineralcorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prevents dehydration by promoting renal absorption of sodium.
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Aldosterone
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A hormone, produced by the beta cells in the pancreas, that assists glucose entry into cells.
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Insulin
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The hormone that stimulates erythrocyte (red blood cell) production in bone marrow.
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Erythropoietin
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The acronym for the hormone that promotes water conservation in the kidneys (inhibited by caffeine and alcohol).
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ADH
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine are ___________.
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Catecholamines
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A glucocorticoid that stimulates glucaneogenesis, fat mobilization, and protein catabolism.
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Cortisol
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The gland that serves as relay between the CNS and other endocrine glands.
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Pituitary gland
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Use direct gene activation to stimulate protein synthesis.
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Steroids
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The gland located in the neck that helps regulate metabolism.
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Thyroid gland
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Controls calcium ion concentration in the blood.
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Calcitonin
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Increases skeletal muscle blood flow.
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Epinephrine
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Increases rate of protein synthesis; increase mobilization of fats and use of fat as an energy source.
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Growth Hormone (GH)
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Constricts arterioles and venules, thereby elevating blood pressure.
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Norepinephrine
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Controls the secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
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Adrenocorticotropin
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Stimulates erythrocyte production.
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
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Assists in fluid balance and blood pressure control.
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Renin
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Assists in controlling water excretion by the kidneys; elevates blood pressure by constricting blood vessels.
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Causes testes to secrete testosterone.
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Helps control metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein.
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Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
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Sue is a long-distance cyclist. Today she’s cycling in 95 F (35 C) heat, and she is sweating a lot. She’s worried about becoming dehydrated.female cyclistWhich hormones are most significant for Sue?
Choose all that apply. a. glucagon b. thyroxine c. norepinephrine d. aldosterone e. ADH f. growth hormone |
d. Aldosterone and e. ADH
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Marques lifts weights 3 days a week. He has noticed an increase in the size of his muscles. Which hormones are most significant for Marques?
a. testosterone b. glucagon c. norepinephrine d. epinephrine e. erythropoietin f. growth hormone |
a. Testosterone and f. Growth hormone
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Sheridan is an endurance swimmer. He’s particularly concerned that once his glucose stores run low, his body will not successfully switch to fat oxidation. Which hormones are most significant for Sheridan?
a. glucagon b. thyroxine c. norepinephrine d. cortisol e. epinephrine f. erythropoietin |
c. Norepinephrine, d. cortisol, and e. epinephrine
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Nigel, an avid skier from the Midwest, is thrilled to be going to college in Colorado. The first few weeks in Colorado, he notices a marked difference in his aerobic capacity. He’s surprised that this is the case even for simple activities, such as walking to class. He finds an even greater difference when he skis. He assumes the change in his aerobic capacity has something to do with the altitude shift (skiing the hills of Wisconsin vs. skiing the mountains of Colorado).Which hormone is most significant for Nigel?
a. cortisol b. erythropoietin c. thyroxine d. aldosterone e. triiodothyronine f. growth hormone |
b. erythropoietin
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As a person with type 2 diabetes, Earl is well aware that his body easily frees glucose from storage (glycogenolysis) but has difficulty transporting the glucose into muscle fibers. This causes elevated blood sugar. Earl learned that exercise enhances the binding of this hormone to receptors on the muscle fibers, improving the hormone's action and lowering elevated blood sugar, so he has made physical activity a key part of his lifestyle.Which hormone is most significant for Earl?
a. norepinephrine b. thyroxine c. insulin d. aldosterone e. triiodothyronine f. growth hormone |
c. Insulin
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Aleshia runs the 400-meter. As with almost any athlete, it’s crucial to Aleshia’s performance that glucose be freed from its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles so it can be used to produce energy. Which hormones are most significant for Aleshia?
a. growth hormone b. thyroxine c. norepinephrine d. aldosterone e. epinephrine f. testosterone |
c. norepinephrine and e. epinephrine
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Brenda runs the 800-meter for her junior college track team. She’s noticed that in the last few meters of the race, when she’s giving all she has to beat her competitors, her heart rate increases greatly. She also has read that her cellular metabolism increases in the last few seconds, when her body needs extra energy. Which hormones are most significant for Brenda?
a. insulin b. thyroxine c. erythropoietin d. aldosterone e. triiodothyronine f. growth hormone |
b. Thyroxine and e. Triiodothyronine
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____________ is an anabolic agent that promotes muscle growth and hypertrophy by facilitating amino acid transport into the cells.
a. prolactin b. testosterone c. growth hormone d. renin |
c. Growth hormone
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What two hormones work together to increase the rate and force of heart contraction, increase glycogenolysis, redistribute blood to the skeletal muscles, increase blood pressure, and increase respiration?
a. mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids b. ADH and PTH c. estrogen and progesterone d. epinephrine and norepinephrine |
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine
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During exercise
a. glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol secretion increases b. glucagon secretion decreases but epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol secretion increases c. glucagon secretion increases but epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol secretion decreases d. epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion increases, but glucagon and cortisol secretion decreases |
a. Glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol secretion increases.
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__________ accelerates lipolysis, releasing free fatty acids into the blood so they can be taken up by the cells and used for energy production.
a. Renin b. Cortisol c. PTH |
b. Cortisol
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T/F: Steroid hormones are lipid soluble and have difficulty crossing cell membranes.
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False
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When an increased amount of a specific hormone causes a decrease in the number of cell receptors available to it, the cell
a. over-responds to that hormone b. cannot respond to that hormone c. becomes more sensitive to that hormone d. becomes less sensitive to that hormone |
d. becomes less sensitive to that hormone
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T/F: Each hormone is highly specific for a single type of receptor and binds only with its specific receptors, thus affecting only tissues that contain those specific receptors.
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True
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T/F: Up-regulation refers to a cell responding to the prolonged presence of large amounts of a hormone by increasing its number of available receptors.
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True
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T/F: ACE inhibitors are a class of drugs used in the treatment of high blood pressure.
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True
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The pituitary gland is largely controlled by the:
a. thyroid b. hypothalamus c. posterior lobe d. pancreas |
b. hypothalamus
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_______________ is a hormone released from the kidneys and is very important in adaptation to training and altitude.
a. Erythropoietin b. Aldosterone c. Cortisol d. Epinephrine |
a. Erythropoietin
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What is an example of a negative feedback system?
a. A cell responds to the prolonged presence of large amounts of insulin by increasing its number of available insulin receptors. b. The pituitary gland acts as the relay between the central nervous system and the peripheral endocrine glands. c. When plasma glucose concentration returns to normal, insulin release is inhibited until the plasma glucose level rises again. d. Muscular activity promotes sweating. |
c. When plasma glucose concentration returns to normal, insulin release is inhibited until the plasma glucose level rises again.
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The adrenal gland secretes:
a. steroid hormones b. non-steroid hormones that are amino-acid derivatives c. steroid hormones that are proteins d. non-steroid hormones that are proteins |
b. non-steroid hormones that are amino-acid derivatives
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What statement is true?
a. Non-steroid hormones are lipid soluble and can pass through cell membranes. b. Cells contain between 2,000 and 10,000 different hormone receptors. c. Steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane and then travel to the mitochondria. d. Prostaglandins, secreted into the blood stream by the pineal gland, reduce swelling and inflammation |
b. Cells contain between 2,000 and 10,000 different hormone receptors.
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